A good riflescope is essential for many types of competition, and the vast majority of hunters have scoped rifles. Some F-Class and benchrest competitors are now using optics with up to 60X magnification. Over the past 30 years, scopes have continued to evolve with improved glass, more reticle types, vastly increased elevation travel, bigger main tubes, FFP and SFP options, and even built-in electronics.
When shopping for a riflescope, it’s useful to understand how scopes work — how the internal mechanisms control windage and elevation, how parallax controls work, and how magnification levels are controlled.
Basics of How Riflescopes Work
This Burris video (above) covers the key aspects of scope function: zoom magnification, windage control, elevation control, parallax control (front or side mount), and ocular lens focus. There are some tips on getting a new scope running smoothly — it’s wise to rotate the power control a few times as well as both windage and elevation knobs. The video below also explains how to set ocular focus controls optimally.
Scope Break-In Methods and Diagnosing Issues — Great Video
We recommend that all serious shooters watch this video start to finish. A very knowledgeable scope engineer, Leupold’s Mike Baccellieri, explains the fine details of scope operation — with very useful recommendations on how to ready a new scope for use (See 36:50 time-mark). With a new optic he advises to run the controls multiple times to full travel. Also, take your time to get the diopter control just right (See 26:40 time-mark).
The video also explains why, with a new scope or one that hasn’t been used much, it is sometimes effective to rotate the elevation PAST the desired setting then come back a click (See 35:40 time-mark). In addition, near the end of the video, the expert explains how you can use a mirror to determine if the scope mount (base and/or rings) is NOT aligned with the bore axis, forcing excess travel to get on target (See 42:00 time-mark). We have seen this caused by scope rails attached slightly off axis.
Large diameter turrets make windage and elevation markings easier to see, and the click “feel” may be more noticeable given the greater diametrical travel between clicks.
First Focal Plane (FFP) vs. Second Focal Plane (SFP)
The main visual difference between First Focal Plane (FFP) and Second Focal Plane (SFP) scopes is the appearance of the reticle (and its hash marks) at different magnification levels. With a FFP scope, the reticle increases in visible size (and line thickness) with increased magnification. This is so the angular hash marks remain constant (in Mils or MOA angular span) at all magnification levels. So, on a 10-30X FFP scope, a 0.1 Mil hash mark represents the SAME angular measurement at 10X, 20X, or 30X (or any magnification). The downside of the FFP system is that the reticle lines can appear very thick at high magnification. But for a PRS/NRL match, with targets at multiple distances, it is important that the hash marks represent the same angular measurement at all power settings.
On a Second Focal Plane (SFP) scope, by contrast, the reticle lines (and hash marks) appear visually (in thickness) the same at all magnification levels. This means the hash mark divisions will only be precise at one magnification level, as designed by the manufacturer. For example, you could have exact 1 MOA Hash marks at 10X. But zoom the scope to 20X and the same reticle hash mark would then cover 2 MOA. SFP scopes are popular with competition shooters who shoot at specific known distances. Not having thick reticle lines at 25X to 50X is an advantage when aiming at precise benchrest and F-Class targets.
ZEISS now makes excellent FFP Scopes with both MOA and Milrad options
Minute of Angle (MOA) vs. Milliradian (MILRAD or MIL)
This video also explains MOA vs. MRAD (Milliradian) controls. A Minute of Angle (MOA) is an angular measurement that represents 1.047″ at 100 yards. Modern MOA scopes are typically configured with 1/4 MOA or 1/8 MOA clicks. A Milliradian (MRAD) is another angular measurement defined as one-thousandth of a radian. Milrad scopes are commonly configured with 0.1 Milrad clicks. How much is a 0.1 mil at 100 yards? One mil equals 3.6 inches at 100 yards; therefore, 1/10th of that, 0.1 Mil, equals 0.36” – roughly a third of an inch – at 100 yards. That’s pretty close to the common quarter-inch (1/4 MOA) increment found on MOA riflescopes.
Sightron makes excellent high-magnification SFP zoom scopes favored by many competitors. These have proven quite reliable and offer very good performance for the price.
Scope Mounting Method and Alignment
When mounting a scope, you want to make sure the scope is aligned properly, so that vertical travel is precisely up and down, not offset. Begin by supporting the rifle with a good front and rear rest. Use a portable level to ensure the rifle is not tilting slightly left or right around the barrel bore axis. Then you want to align your scope’s vertical axis. For this, we recommend setting up a plumb bob — a weighted line that hangs straight down. This can be set up indoors or outdoors. Align your reticle’s vertical axis precisely with the plumb bob line, making sure not to move the rifle.
One caution — we have seen some riflescopes that are internally off-axis by up to 4 degrees. In this case, you can align the reticle’s vertical axis with the plumb bob line but then find that your turrets are slightly titled. That is a scope manufacturing fault that will result in some error when you input a large click value (e.g. 10+ MOA up or down).
When mounting your scope, a key factor to consider is the eye relief — the distance of the rear “ocular” lens to your eye. When mounting the scope, put your head in the position at which you normally shoot. NOTE: As your optimal head position may be quite a bit different when shooting prone vs. shooting from a bench, you may want to adjust the scope placement for different shooting positions. This Editor had to move his comp rifle scope about an inch rearward when local club matches changed from prone to bench.
The Burris Eliminator 6 Rangefinder scope has been selected as the “2025 American Rifleman Optic of the Year” as part of the NRA Media Golden Bullseye Awards. This award is presented by NRA Media for notable new products, which are selected based on their technical performance, field reliability, innovation, and value.
Even at $3000.00 MSRP, this is a pretty amazing optic. It incorporates a laser rangefinder plus a set of environmental sensors. Plus it communicates, via BlueTooth, with the Burris Connect App which holds ballistics data for multiple loads. Basically, just range your target, and the Eliminator 6 does the rest — the digital DOPE card works with the scope’s illuminated X177 reticle to display the precise holdover aiming point for the ranged distance.
The new Burris Eliminator 6 combines precise rangefinding out to 2,000 yards with onboard ballistic compensation, environmental monitoring, and a comprehensive Heads-Up Display user interface to provide precise aiming solutions at the touch of a button. The Eliminator 6 represents an entirely new design from previous-generation Eliminator models. The Eliminator 6 is more compact and follows a more conventional riflescope profile for improved ergonomics and simplified operation. “The Eliminator 6 is, indeed, a game-changer for western game hunters and anyone who demands fast and accurate firing solutions,” said Burris Mktg. Director, Jordan Egli.
NEW Burris Eliminator 6 Laser Rangefinder Riflescope
The new, compact 4-20x52mm Burris Eliminator 6 combines a powerful laser rangefinder with multiple environmental sensors. It has easy-to-use turret controls and sharp ED glass. Compared to the previous model Burris Eliminators, the advanced new Eliminator 6 is smaller, and lighter. To minimize chromatic aberration, Burris uses extra-low dispersion (ED) glass. Other features include 4-20X magnification, +2.0 to -3.0 diopter adjustment range, and side focus/parallax adjustment from 25 yards to infinity.
How does it work? Using the Eliminator 6, simply range your target, hold the illuminated aiming point on your target, and hold wind if necessary using the hold-off points in the reticle. You don’t have to carry around a separate Laser Rangefinder, or dial elevation with knobs.
See how the parallax and illumination adjustments are now conveniently located on a conventional turret-style knob that also contains the range activation and brightness button array.
Burris states that the “Eliminator 6 [has] the most comprehensive and advanced integrated technology ever delivered in a hunting riflescope.” Remarkably, this new Eliminator 6 includes multiple sensors, along with the laser rangefinder. The Eliminator 6 features a built-in thermometer, barometer, and inclinometer, and it automatically measures density altitude (which can also be manually selected). This allows the Eliminator 6 to provide extremely accurate ballistics solutions. The key features are:
• Integrated laser rangefinder capable of ranging out to 2,000 yards (reflective)
• BurrisConnect App compatible for quick programing and precise ballistics
• X177 Reticle with 177 1/5 MOA illuminated aiming points
• Angle Sensor informs ballistics calculator
• Built-In Environmental Sensors
• HUD with 11 data zones
• Shotcall Marker
At the request of our readers, we provide select “Deals of the Week”. Every Sunday afternoon or Monday morning we offer our Best Bargain selections. Here are some of the best deals on firearms, hardware, reloading components, optics, and shooting accessories. Be aware that sale prices are subject to change, and once clearance inventory is sold, it’s gone for good. You snooze you lose.
NOTE: All listed products are for sale to persons 18 years of age or older. No products are intended for use by minors.
1. Palmetto SA — AR-15 M4 Rifle Starter Bundle, $679.99
⏺️ Complete package for new AR shooters — gun, optic, case and much more
This combo kit includes all you need to get started with an AR carbine (except ammo). This handy $679.99 AR Package includes: PSA PA-15 Classic M4 Carbine (16″ barrel); Vortex Strikefire II 1x30mm 4 MOA Red/Green Dot optic; PSA 36″ Rifle Bag, Magpul PMAG A4/M4 30rd Magazine; Magpul MBUS AR-15 Rear Iron Sight; Real Avid Gun Boss AR Cleaning Kit; Walkers Electronic Muffs and Glasses Combo; and Champion 50-yard notebook target pack. With this package you save $62+ off the individual items total cost. For someone getting started with a Black Rifle, this is a very handy gun/gear collection.
2. Smith & Wesson — FREE Viridian Optic with Pistol Purchase
⏺️ Get Viridian optic worth $290 when you buy new S&W handgun
Now through April 30, 2025, you can get a FREE Viridian RFX15 Green Dot Reflex Sight with the purchase of a qualifying Smith & Wesson pistol. The RFX15 is a 3 MOA optic with 17x24mm viewing window, brightness controls, and auto shut-off/Instant-On® technology. This optic has a $289.00 MSRP and works with various frame and slide sizes. Eligible S&W pistols include select M&P M2.0, Shield Plus, M&P5.7, M&P22 Magnum, Performance Center Competitor/Carry Comp, and S&W Equalizer pistols. Learn more at Smith-wesson.com/rebates. To view/print rebate form, CLICK HERE.
If you are looking for a good, tough 12ga defensive shotgun, here’s a super deal. The Citadel Mariner 12ga pump-action shotgun features a durable nickel finish and barrel heat-shield. It comes complete with front and rear sights, an optics rail, plus a shotshell carrier on the left side of the action. This cool pump shotgun is now just $181.00 on sale — an amazing deal, $98 off the normal price.
4. Amazon — Garmin Xero C1 Chrono with Accessories, $609.95
⏺️ Superb Radar Chrono plus battery and accesssories
The Garmin Xero C1 Pro Chronograph is the most popular radar Chrono on the market now for good reason. It is ultra-reliable, very accurate, easy to set up, and very compact. The price for the unit by itself is $599.99 for all legit sellers, but Amazon is offering a nice deal. For ten bucks more you can get a Garmin Xero C1 Combo Kit which includes external battery, charging accessories, extra cables, car charging socket, and cleaning cloth. If you want for a Garmin C1 Pro, this kit is worth the $10 extra. Plus Amazon Prime members get FREE 2-day shipping. Another option to consider is the nice Xero C1 Pro Carry Case.
5. Palmetto SA — Bulk .22 LR Ammo, 6 to 8 cents per round
⏺️ Great deals on American-made rimfire ammo — Federal, Rem, Winchester
For fun close-range shooting, it’s hard to beat the .22 LR rimfire cartridge. It is inexpensive, has low recoil, and barrels last many thousands of rounds. Right now you can get good, reliable, American-made .22 LR ammo at big savings. Bulk ammo packs of 250 to 1400 rounds are on sale for just 6 to 8 cents per round at Palmetto State Armory. Show above are three bargain packs, but there are many other great deals.
⏺️ Fast, programmable, accurate dispenser at great price
The Frankford Arsenal Intellidropper (#ad) is a high-quality powder scale/dispenser. It’s accurate to +/- one-tenth of a grain, dispenses in seconds, and can be controlled by a handy mobile App that stores charge weights for different cartridges. This unit has a 7000-grain capacity with both auto and manual trickle capability. This $169.98 sale price is great deal — save $60 off the $230 regular retail price.
7. Amazon — KAER Storage Safe, $169.99
⏺️ Decent secondary safe at very low price
Here’s a good secondary safe for a garage, work room, or large RV. This KAER gun cabinet accommodates rifles up to 45″ long. This steel cabinet, now $169.99 on Amazon (#ad) measures 57″ H x 17.7″ W 18″ D and has a handy 18″x9″ inside lockbox. This safe has 3 polymer barrel holders that adjust for height. You can unlock the safe with a touchpad combo or metal key. NOTE: This metal safe comes UNASSEMBLED. You’ll need to put it together with basic tools. This safe is also offered in black for $159.99 on Amazon.
⏺️ Great price on versatile, well-designed gun vise
Here’s an excellent gun vise on sale for just $35.99. The versatile MTM GV-30 CaseGard Gun Vise supports rifles and shotguns for cleaning/maintenance. High and low forks allow level or angled gun placement. The rubber-padded rotating stock clamp provides a firm hold. The base has 14 different compartments for tools/solvents, plus 11 slots for jags, brushes, and screwdrivers. On the side are tabs for two cleaning rods. This GV-20 vise is made from rugged, solvent-resistant polypropylene plastic. If this sells out on GunZoneDeals, Midsouth has the GV-30 Vise for $38.00.
⏺️ Excellent, rugged rifle case at a very good price
When flying or driving it’s vital to protect your rifles. A good hard case option (at a great price) is the APACHE 9800 Weatherproof Protective Rifle Case. On sale for $149.99, this 53″-long case is $190.00 less than an equivalent-size Pelican case. Constructed from durable polypropylene, this quality hard case can protect long guns from from impact, moisture, and dust. The built-in purge valve equalizes pressure so you can open the case after changing elevations. NOTE: Case interior dimensions are 50⅜” by 13⅝”.
10. Amazon — Target Stand Dual Pack, $42.97
⏺️ Good price on pair of adjustable target stand
The Knine Outdoor Shooting Target Stand kit (#ad) allows you to set up your own elevated target in any shooting area. This kit includes 2 metal target stands, 8 ground stakes, 8 butterfly screws, plus paper clips. The base units adjust for width from 13″ to 24″ horizontal spread. This kit includes ten printed 16″x12″ shooting paper targets. NOTE, you must supply your own wood risers and cardboard target backers.
As an Amazon affiliate, this site can earn revenues through sales commissions.
At the request of our readers, we provide select “Deals of the Week”. Every Sunday afternoon or Monday morning we offer our Best Bargain selections. Here are some of the best deals on firearms, hardware, reloading components, optics, and shooting accessories. Be aware that sale prices are subject to change, and once clearance inventory is sold, it’s gone for good. You snooze you lose.
NOTE: All listed products are for sale to persons 18 years of age or older. No products are intended for use by minors.
1. Creedmoor Sports — Berger Bullet Sale
⏺️ Good discounts on very large selection of Berger bullets
It’s smart to stock up now on key components. With its big Berger bullet sale Creedmoor Sports has a huge selection of Berger bullets from .17 to .30 calibers in a wide variety of hunting and match types. Choose target hybrids, varmint bullets, Elite Hunters or other bullet types for your next match or hunt.
2. Sportsman’s Warehouse — Optics Clearance Sale
⏺️ Major savings on scopes, binocs, tripods and more
Does one of your firearms need a new scope, or could you use a spotter? Get major discounts with the Sportsman’s Warehouse Optics Clearance Sale. You’ll find a wide range of scopes, binoculars, and red dots on sale. In addition, there are some great tripods and optics carry packs on sale. With this February Clearance Sale you can grab top-tier optics with prices up to 39% off.
3. Midsouth — Aguila .22 LR ammo, 2000-rd case, $114.99
⏺️ Great 2000-round .22 LR bulk pack, super-low price
Modern .22 LR rimfire ammo is a fraction of the cost of centerfire ammo, which can cost $1.00 or more per round for your own handloads, given the high costs of bullets, powder, and primers. Here’s a great deal — Midsouth offers 2000 rounds of Aguila .22 LR for only $114.99. This 38gr High Velocity Copper Plated Hollow Point is sold in a 2000-rd case. The $114.99 price works out to just $.06 (six cents) per round.
4. Creedmoor Sports — TriggerTech Clearance Sale
⏺️ Major savings on excellent after-market triggers
Having a good trigger is critical to ensure you break a clean shot each time. For match rifles you want a crisp, light pull and for some disciplines you’ll want a two-stage pull. Among the best aftermarket triggers for ARs and Rem-700 types actions are TriggerTech triggers, on sale now at Creedmoor Sports. You’ll find these top-rated TriggerTech triggers at some of the lowest prices we’ve seen in a long time.
5. Wholesale Hunter — Howa Mini Action Rifle w/Scope, $789.75
⏺️ Quality compact varmint rifle with full camo finish on gun and optic
Here’s a great, lightweight varmint rifle with a full factory camo finish. This Howa 1500 Mini Action rifle has a 20″ threaded barrel chambered for the .223 Rem. On top is a Gamepro 4-16x44mm optic included in the deal. The entire rifle (stock, action, barrel) AND yes the scope are coated in a handsome Kryptek Highlander Camo finish. The rig is now just $789.75 with scope. That’s a 19% discount off the regular $978.45 price. If you want a larger cartridge for bigger game, there is also a 6.5 Grendel version at Bud’s Gun Shop for $798.24 with free shipping.
6. Guns.com — TAURUS G3c 9mm Pistol, $215.99
⏺️ Amazingly low price on very good compact 9mm carry pistol
Need a good 9mm carry pistol at a bargain price? Then definitely check out the Taurus G3c now just $215.99 at Guns.com with FREE Shipping. That’s $124 off the regular price. This slim, compact 9mm handgun employs design features that have made previous Taurus G-series pistols a great CCW choice. And with the new G3c series, function, reliability, and durability have been improved.
7. Amazon — LEE Precision Deluxe App Press Kit, $109.25
⏺️ Big discount on LEE APP system — great for priming and depriming
The Lee Deluxe Automatic Processing Press (APP) is on sale now for just $109.25 on Amazon. This special press is great for bulk depriming and/or priming. This Deluxe APP model has the features of the basic Lee APP, plus a roller handle, APP deprime kit, and Universal Case Feed Magazine. The most noteworthy element is the patented LEE automatic primer feed system. This is fast and efficient with auto-feeding of both cases and primers.
8. Amazon — Tactical Shooting Mat & Rest Bags, $29.99
⏺️ Handy shooting mat with two bags — all for under $30
Shooting prone requires a good shooting mat. And it helps to have front and rear bags when not sling-shooting. One budget-priced option is this DGVR Tactical Shooting Mat set that comes with both front and rear bags. Get the mat and both bags for just $29.99 on Amazon. The bags are made of 600D oxford but do NOT come filled. The 1000D Nylon shooting mat is waterproof, and boasts a non-slip, wear-resistant coating. The mat includes a handy carry strap.
9. Cabela’s — Wheeler Pro Gunsmithing Screwdriver Set, $27.98
⏺️ Very good price on 43-piece handy driver set
Working on firearms requires good specialized tools. The Wheeler 43-Piece Professional Gunsmithing Screwdriver Set offers a great selection of drivers for just $27.98, a 20% discount. The set includes a nice, magnetic screwdriver handle and a very good storage case. This is a very low price on a kit that contains the popular gunsmithing driver sizes you’ll need for your rifles and optics mounts.
10. Amazon — 10000mAh Dual USB Battery Packs, $17.99
⏺️ Recharge your smartphones and tablets — good for chronos too
Do you have a cellphone, tablet, LabRadar, barrel cooler, or other device that needs mobile power? If so, we found a great deal on a pair of Miady 10000mAh Dual USB Portable Chargers. Yes you get TWO (2) charging packs for just $17.99 total! Featuring USB and USB-C ports and fast 2 amp charging capability, this pair of portable power banks is a very good deal.
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Today’s video showcase covers bore-sighting methods and technology. Bore-sighting the old-fashioned way — by looking down the bore of a rifle at a target — is not difficult. With a conventional bolt-action rifle, visual bore-sighting can be done quickly and easily. Rest your gun securely on bags, remove your bolt and set up a 50-yard target with a large bright orange or black center circle. Look through the back of the action and you should be able to sight down the bore with your own eyes just fine. There’s no need for expensive hardware. In fact it may be easier to bore-sight the “old-fashioned way” rather than try to see a laser in bright sunlight at 50 yards (or even 25).
However, with lever guns and semi-auto rifles, including the popular AR15, M1 Garand, and M1A, the design of the receiver may make it virtually impossible to sight down the bore with the naked eye. That’s where a modern laser bore-sighting device comes in handy. For those situations where a bore-sighting tool is needed, we recommend a laser bore-sighter that fits inside your chamber. An in-chamber laser device, as shown below, is handy and has less safety risk than a tool which fits in the end of the barrel.
How to Bore-Sight Your Rifle in Five Minutes
This video from Australia shows the basics of the bore-sighting process. First set up a target 50 yards (or closer) from your shooting station. Make sure the rifle is well-supported and stable. When the target is ideally centered in the BORE of the barrel, then adjust the reticle on your scope to center the crosshairs on the middle of the target. Then, after checking down-range, take a few test shots. Finally, move the target out to 100 yards and confirm your zero, as explained at the close of today’s article.
Vortex Shows How to Bore-Sight Rifles
This well-made, informative video from Vortex covers the basics of bore-sighting. Bore sighting your rifle is a simple way to establish an initial zero to get you on target faster and save you ammo at the range. Thankfully, it doesn’t take a ton of gear or ammunition to bore-sight a rifle effectively. Video host Jimmy from Vortex provides a handy, step-by-step guide in this 10-minute video.
Bore-Sighting Using a Barrel-Mounted Laser Bore-Sighter
If you wondered why a barrel-mounted laser bore-sighter was off-center? Or if you want to learn how to use one properly, this video shows how to safely and properly zero a scope using a barrel-mounted laser bore sight device. Another option is a small cartridge-sized laser that fits inside the chamber. These sell for under $25.00 and are convenient. There are safety advantages to in-chamber lasers.
Initial Bore-Sighting at Home (Before You Head to the Range)
This useful video shows how to bore-sight a rifle at home. This can save time (and money for ammo) when you do get to the range to confirm your scope’s zero. This home procedure works best if the target is well-illuminated while the rifle is in a shadowed area, creating the best contrast. Also make sure the rifle is on a steady support — such as a portable gun vise or sandbags front and rear.
Bore-Sighting with a Red Dot (Reflex) Sight
As with conventional scopes, if you have a red dot sight or reflex optic, you’ll need to bore-sight your rifle, then zero the optic. [Reflex sights use a reflex lens to project a dot or reticle onto the target, whereas red dot sights use a flat, reflective surface to display a red dot reticle.] In this video, retired Navy SEAL Mark Cochiolo demonstrates how to bore-sight then adjust a red dot. Bore sighting allows you to zero your red dot so that your shots hit near your intended point of impact.
Learn More about Bore-Sighting with Tools
To learn more about bore-sighting, you can view a detailed article on the Warne Scope Mounts website. This features through-the-barrel images and discussion of tools that fit in the chamber or barrel to project a laser beam down-range. Shown below are cartridge-sized projecting lasers that fit in a rifle’s chamber. These are available for a wide variety of cartridge/chamber sizes.
WARNING: If you use an in-barrel laser be sure to remove it BEFORE chambering a round. ANY obstruction in the barrel can cause serious injury or even death if you fire a round.
Bore Sight Grid Tool with Arbors
The Bushnell Bore Sight with Arbors is a bore-sighting tool that many gun stores and gunsmiths use. This device uses arbors but does not transmit a laser.
You attach the tool to the end of the barrel and align it with your scope. A grid is visible inside the bore-sighter. Look at that grid and then and align your scope’s reticle with the grid. This Bushnell unit ships with three expandable arbors in 22-270 caliber, 7mm-35 caliber, and 35-45 caliber.
How to Zero a Hunting Rifle Efficiently
Once you have bore-sighted your rifle to get “on target” successfully, then you want to zero your optic so that the shot falls exactly where you want it at your target distance, typically 100 yards. This Vortex video shows you how to quickly and efficiently sight-in and zero a hunting rifle before heading out into the field. This video explains a simple procedure that lets you get a solid zero in just three shots. Of course you probably want to fire a few more rounds to confirm your zero before you head off to your hunting grounds, but this will let you get on-target with a minimum amount of time and ammo expended. This helpful video now has 3.2 million views on YouTube!
Fouling Shots and Cold Bore Condition
If you recently cleaned your rifle, you may want to fire two or three fouling shots before you start this procedure. But keep in mind that you want to duplicate the typical cold bore conditions that you’ll experience during the hunt. If you set your zero after three fouling shots, then make sure the bore is in a similar condition when you actually go out hunting.
NRA Media offers a series of 40 informative videos about the Science of Shooting, covering a wide range of topics, from eye dominance to long-range ballistics. These videos feature high production values, with super-slow motion segments, as well as helpful computer graphics to illustrate the principles covered.
The videos are narrated by Jessie Duff, a top action pistol shooter (and the first women ever to achieve USPSA Grand Master status). Jessie is assisted by talented shooters such as Top Shot Season 4 Champion Chris Cheng. There are forty videos in the Firearm Science Video Series. Here are five NRA videos, with links to others below. You’ll find all 40 NRA Firearm Science Videos HERE.
Eye Dominance — How to Determine Which Eye is Dominant
Host Jessie Duff and longtime shooter Krystie Messenger demonstrate how eye dominance affects aim and teach you how to determine your dominant eye in this edition of Firearm Science. There are very simple tests you can do to determine your eye dominance. This Editor is right-handed but left-eye dominant. All competitive shooters should check for eye dominance. If you are cross-dominant, you can alter your head position or put a paper patch on one frame of your shooting glasses.
Eye Protection — Effect of Different Color Lenses
No matter what you’re shooting, eye protection should always be worn. But with so many choices, what should you wear? In this edition of Firearm Science, two-time Olympic trap shooter Corey Cogdell explains lens color options for protective eyewear. Different colors may be selected according to the light conditions and the sport. For most rifle shooters using magnified scopes, clear lenses are probably the best choice, except on very bright summer days.
Iron Sights vs. Optics
Host Jessie Duff and shooter Krystie Messenger demonstrate the benefits and drawbacks of using iron sights and optics in this edition of Firearm Science. For AR-type rifles, choosing the right option depends on the intended use of the rifle and the rules of competition. For example, a “Standard military Rifle” for CMP competition must have iron sights. But current NRA service rifle competition (and CMP unlimited military rifle class) allows scopes. Olympic smallbore shooters and Palma shooters have shown that extreme accuracy IS possible with sophisticated target sights. Below is the iron-sights Palma rifle with which John Whidden (Whidden Gunworks) won NRA Long-Range National Championships.
At the request of our readers, we provide select “Deals of the Week”. Every Sunday afternoon or Monday morning we offer our Best Bargain selections. Here are some of the best deals on firearms, hardware, reloading components, optics, and shooting accessories. Be aware that sale prices are subject to change, and once clearance inventory is sold, it’s gone for good. You snooze you lose.
NOTE: All listed products are for sale to persons 18 years of age or older. No products are intended for use by minors.
⏺️ Complete AR-15 rifle for less than you might pay for assembled upper
You can’t beat this price for a complete AR-15 — $369.99 from CDNN Sports. You could easily pay MORE for an assembled upper alone. The Radical Firearms RPR AR-15 rifle features MIL-STD upper and lower receivers along with 15″ RPR rail system. The 16″ 1:7″-twist barrel is 4140 Chrome Moly Vanadium. The lower is forged 7075 T6 aluminum with Type III anodizing. The buttstock is adjustable and there is a long rail on the top of the forearm for mounting optics and accessories. NOTE: No iron sights come standard, but these can be added to the top rail.
2. Midsouth — RCBS Buy Green Free Bullets Promotion
⏺️ FREE Sierra or Barnes bullets with $100 or more RCBS product purchases
If you’re looking to grab a new reloading tool from RCBS you can now also get FREE bullets with Midsouth’s BUY GREEN, Get Premium Bullets Sale. Spend $100 and choose from a selection of free Sierra and Barnes bullets (quantity of 40 to 100 bullets). If you spend $400 you can choose from variety of 200-ct to 500-ct bullet packs. Those 500 free Sierra bullets could be worth up to $295 (for .308 168gr MatchKings) — so this is a great deal! NOTE: To get the FREE bullets you’ll need to fill out a RCBS Rebate Form. CLICK HERE for full chart of BUY GREEN free bullets.
⏺️ Very good .22 LR Target/Training pistol now under $250
All shooters should have a quality .22 LR rimfire pistol with a good trigger, ergonomic grip, and excellent accuracy. With the Walther P22 Target Model, you can get all those things for just $248.76 at CDNN Sports. The P22 is a very nice rimfire handgun with a 5″ barrel plus a forward ported compensator. The ergonomic grip has an interchangeable backstrap. Compared to most other rimfire pistols in this class, the trigger is very good with a light, crisp pull. We also like the ambidextrous controls. A rare feature for a rimfire, the P22 is covered by the Walther Legendary Lifetime Limited Warranty.
⏺️ Great price on press and complete reloading system
Natchez is offering Hornady’s L-N-L Classic Single Stage Press Reloading Kit for $344.99, a $149.00 discount. This kit includes a nice press, manual powder dispenser, electronic scale, priming tool, powder trickler, chamfer/debur tool, case lube, shell block and more. As a special bonus, Natchez is including the powered Hornady Case Prep Duo Chamfer tool, a $49 value by itself.
5. EuroOptic — Major Leupold Sale, 20-40% Off
⏺️ Save hundreds on spotters and 5X and 6X zoom ratio riflescopes
If you need a spotting scope or rifle optic check out the current EuroOptic Leupold Sale. You’ll find savings of 20% to 40% on a variety of quality spotters and rifle scopes. Among the best deals, we like the 20-60x85mm SX-4 Spotter for $649.99 ($350 off), and the 3-15x44mm VX-5HD scope for $999.00 ($500 off).
6. Locked & Loaded — Federal .22 LR Ammo, $159.99 3250 rds
⏺️ Amazing deal on good Federal .22 LR 40gr Ammo — 5 cents per round
Rimfire shooting is fun, and decent .22 LR ammo is a fraction of the cost of centerfire fodder. And here’s one of the best bulk bargains we’ve found. Right now Locked & Loaded has a 3,250-round pack of good Federal 40gr .22 LR ammunition for just $159.99. This price works out to under FIVE CENTS per round. At that price you can shoot 100 rounds for just five bucks!
7. Midsouth — Lee Breech Lock Press, $49.99
⏺️ Budget-priced Lee press works well as secondary or range press
Need a simple, reliable press that doesn’t take up a lot of bench space? A good choice for a small, secondary press is the Lee Breech Lock Reloader Single-Stage Press. Weighing just 2.1 pounds this compact press is easy to transport to the range. And you can change dies quickly using the Lee quick change bushing system — with a twist of the wrist you can remove a die in a few seconds.
8. Locked & Loaded — CCI Blazer 9mm Ammo, $214.99 1000 rds
⏺️ Quality 9mm brass-cased ammo at a super-low price — $22 cents/round
CCI makes very reliable pistol ammo with reloadable brass cases. Right now you can get 1000 rounds of CCI Blazer 9mm FMJ ammo for just $214.99 at LockedLoaded.com. The price for this 124gr CCI Blazer 9mm ammo works out to just $10.75 per 50-round box — a fantastic price. This very affordable CCI 9x19mm ammo is excellent for practice/training, and it is more reliable than commercial reloads.
9. Amazon — Earmuffs Plus Safety Glasses Combo, $24.99
⏺️ Good deal on Muffs/safety eyewear combo
Here’s a good set of NRR 28-rated earmuffs plus Z87.1-approved, wrap-around shooting glasses. This combo offers great protection for the price. The muffs come in multiple color combos: Yellow/Black (as shown), Gray/Black, Blue/Black, Pink/Black, and Purple/Black. Get the muffs and one set of safety eyewear for just $24.99 on sale (#ad). Or, for $6.00 more you can get a $30.99 kit with TWO sets of safety glasses, one tinted and one clear.
10. CDNN Sports — Camo Pack with Hydration Bladder, $9.99
⏺️ Versatile, handy hiking pack for water and basic supplies
This rugged, comfortable Backpack with 1.5 liter water bladder is a very useful gear item for hikes. The hose allows easy hydration without removing the pack. This hydration pack will hold 1.5 liters (0.4 gallons) of liquid. In the two zippered pouches you can stow other items such as: lunch snacks, a small first aid kit, a hat, extra socks, and a GPS. We have a similar bag that has worked great for many years.
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At long range, small bullet holes are much easier to see “in the white” than in the black center of the normal High Power target. When you’re practicing at long range using a scoped rifle, one way to enhance your ability to see your bullet holes is to print a “negative” version of the regulation bullseye target so that your black center is now white.
How do you create a “negative” of a target image? Many image programs, including the FREE Irfanview software, have a “Negative” function in the pull-down menu. If you don’t see a “Negative” menu option in your program, look for a “substitute colors” option. Many printers also have a “reverse colors” function. If you can’t find a solution with your computer or printer, just take a normal bullseye target to a copy shop, and the staff can easily print you a set of targets with white centers in black fields.
Forum member Watercam has a Pentax PF-80ED spotting scope that allows him to see 6mm bullet holes in the white at 600 yards. However, 6mm holes in the black are only visible out to 400 yards or so. Accordingly, Watercam uses a modified “reversed” black-to-white target for 600-yard practice. Watercam explains: “[Using the Pentax] With my 6mm and limited mirage I see defined, 6mm holes in the white out to 600. In the black, however, I can see bullets holes at about 400. I now use reverse-color targets for training without a pit partner at the 600-yard line.”
The Hi-Viz Solution — Day-Glo Pasters
If you’re not concerned with official scoring rings, you can use an all-white target with a bright, fluorescent target dot in the middle. A 2″- or 3″-diameter stick-on target dot is highly visible at 600 yards. Birchwood Casey Target Spots® assortment #33928-TSA offers neon orange target dots in 1″, 2″, and 3″ diameters.
TARGET TIP — Use Chart Paper
For practice backers for the Day-GLo pasters at long distance, use Flip Chart Paper (aka Easel Pads) marked with graph lines at 1″ intervals. Available either regular or self-stick, one sheet can hold 4-8 pasters and the white paper allows for easy spotting of the holes and quick estimation of group size. Get Flip Chart Paper at Amazon.com, Staples, or Office Depot.
Brits Use White-Field Target for F-Class
In the UK, some ranges are now using a “reverse-style” target with a mostly white area. Laurie Holland says this allows shooters to see shots much more easily. Laurie reports: “Here’s a photo of the 500/600 yard F-Class match target we use in PSSA comps at Diggle Ranges with club members Chris Hull (L) and Terry Mann (R). We now use this target form at all ranges up to 1K for F-Class, and, yes you can often see your hits at 600 yards on the target before the markers pull it. Regards from England — Laurie”.
Industry Day at the Range is a unique event. Gun industry representatives are able to view, inspect, and shoot scores of new rifles, shotguns, and pistols provided by 200+ manufacturers from around the globe. In addition, new optics and shooting accessories are on display. Hundreds of media members and other gun industry personnel visited the Boulder City, Nevada gun range on 1/20/25 to test a wide variety of new firearms. There were many notable, innovative new rifles, pistols, and optics on display.
Conditions were pretty challenging, with gusty winds and cool temperatures in the mid-40s in the morning. Still most of the shooting was at targets inside 50 yards so those breezes didn’t stop the show. It did make it more challenging to hit the longer range targets set up on the upper rifle bay. Still, media members were excited to see the scores of new rifles, pistols, and shotguns on display. See Range Day Map.
Notable New Guns and Products Previewed at Range Day
Tikka T3X Ace Precision Rifle
Tikka unveiled the new T3X Ace at an early preview at the Desert Sportsman’s Club range outside Las Vegas. This GunsAmerica video, hosted by our friend True Pearce, provides a first look at an impressive bolt-action rifle for PRS/NRL competition. Pearce praised the rifle’s function, ergonomics, and accuracy.
Burris XTR PS Scope with Internal Ballistics Display
The new Burris XTS PS scope combines traditional glass lenses with an internal electronic display that shows hold-over and ballistic data to the shooter. Customizable “data zones” display dial-to-distance, wind hold, wind speed/direction, density altitude, angle compensation, and scope level. The scope features a unique new clickless turret with a digital position sensor for ultra-fast 1/30 MIL elevation adjustments.
BioFire Biometric Smart Gun (Fingerprint and Face Recognition)
In this video, GunsAmerica Editor True Pearce tests the radically innovative Biofire “Smart Gun”. This features a biometric fingerprint sensor plus an onboard facial recognition system that scans the shooter’s face. The purpose of the technology is to prevent unauthorized use of the pistol. The potential downside is that anti-Second Amendment politicians might try to mandate this kind of built-in gun control.
Shadow Systems CR920XP Rapid Fire
New .338 ARC Cartridge in Bolt-Action AR
New SIG Sauer Romeo 8T-AMR Smart Optic
Glock Pistols with AimPoint Optics
Impressive Zeiss optics were on display this year, as shown here in 2020.
One of the best things about Industry Day at the Range is the FREE Ammo provided by Federal and other manufacturers. Rifle, pistol, shotgun — the ammo is ALL FREE.
At the request of our readers, we provide select “Deals of the Week”. Every Sunday afternoon or Monday morning we offer our Best Bargain selections. Here are some of the best deals on firearms, hardware, reloading components, optics, and shooting accessories. Be aware that sale prices are subject to change, and once clearance inventory is sold, it’s gone for good. You snooze you lose.
NOTE: All listed products are for sale to persons 18 years of age or older. No products are intended for use by minors.
SPECIAL — Precision Reloading FREE HAZMAT with $149+ Buy
Click image to get FREE HAZMAT with $149+ powder/primer purchase through 1/25/2025.
1. EuroOptic — Athlon Optics Sale
⏺️ Major savings on very good FFP and SFP scopes
Athlon makes quality optics for hunting, PRS/NRL, and other disciplines. User reports have been very positive. Right now Athlon scopes are ON SALE at EuroOptic.com starting at just $374.99 for a 4.5-27x50mm Athlon Midas. Ranging from 1-6X to 4.5-30X with MIL or MOA reticles, there are a large selection of scopes on sale with discounts up to 53% off MSRP.
2. Creedmoor Sports — Berger Bullets January Sale
⏺️ Major savings on very popular Berger Match, Varmint, and Hunting bullets
Creedmoor Sports kicks off the New Year with a major Berger Bullet Sale. You’ll find a huge selection of high quality Berger bullets: Hybrid Target, VLD Match, OTM Tactical, Boat-tail Target, Elite Hunter, FB Varmint bullets and more. Prices start at just $34.95 per hundred for 20 Cal FB Varmint projectiles. Popular 6mm 105gr BT Target bullets are now just $46.95 per hundred.
If you want a good, compact AR-class defensive rifle, here’s a very affordable option. Right now the Palmetto State Armory PA15 16″ M4 Carbine is just $429.99 — that’s less than the price of many pistols. Chambered for 5.56×45 NATO, this modern rifle boasts Magpul MOE SL furniture and black Nitride finish. Users say the adjustable buttstock works well and this rifle has shown very good reliability. It has a flat top with rail and front sight, so the owner will need to add a rear sight and/or optic.
4. Graf & Sons — Sierra Ammunition Sale, Save up to 15%
⏺️ Excellent hunting and match ammo with high-quality Sierra bullets
Graf’s is running a good sale on Sierra-brand loaded ammunition. Matchking competition ammo and a variety of hunting and varminting ammo types are on sale. Save up to 15% by ordering ammo through this Sierra ammo sale. We do like the 22-250 varmint ammo, and the .30-06 Gamechanger Hunting ammo.
5. Natchez — RCBS Buy Green Free Bullets Sale
⏺️ FREE Sierra or Barnes bullets with $100 or more RCBS product purchases
If you’re looking to grab a new reloading tool from RCBS you can now also get FREE bullets with the Natchez BUY GREEN, Get Premium Bullets Sale. Spend $100 and choose from a selection of free Sierra and Barnes bullets (quantity of 40 to 100 bullets). If you spend $400 you can choose from variety of 200-ct to 500-ct bullet packs. Those 500 free Sierra bullets could be worth up to $295 (for .308 168gr MatchKings) — so this is a great deal! CLICK HERE for full chart of BUY GREEN free bullets.
6. Amazon — Plano AW2 All Weather Rifle Case Sale, $170.72
⏺️ Excellent wheeled case big enough for F-Class and Palma rifles
Traveling with a long gun requires a quality case that protects your valuable firearm. If you’re in need of a new case for your next hunting or match trip check out the 52″ Plano All Weather Rifle/Shotgun Case (#ad). With a 52″ internal length, this is long enough for most F-Class, PRS, Palma, and Benchrest rifles. You can also fit two hunting rifles inside (see photo). This all-weather case is strong, tough, and seals out moisture. With a Durashell Plus outer shell, this case is relatively lightweight yet durable. If you don’t need a 52″ case, Plano also offers 36″-long and 42″-long cases capable of carrying two rifles or shotguns.
7. Amazon — Frankford Arsenal Folding Reloading Stand, $178.49
⏺️ Folding stand holds reloading press and equipment
For anyone who’s tight on reloading space the Frankford Arsenal Platinum Series Reloading Stand (#ad) might just be the answer. Able to handle a press and a powder measure at the same time, this highly adaptable bench also features collapsible shelves that create more space and tuck away for easy storage. Whether you are doing a quick reload, or simply need something that takes up a little less space, this reloading table is perfect for you.
8. Amazon — Hornady Rapid Night Clock Gun Safe, $242.80
⏺️ Handy pistol safe that appears to be nightstand alarm clock
Here’s a good, readily-accessible handgun storage solution. The Hornady Rapid Safe Night Guard (#ad) stores a handgun in a housing that does NOT look like a gun safe. Disguised to look like an alarm clock, this unit uses RFID technology to unlock instantly — faster than a keypad type system. Four included RFID tags can be selectively programmed to open this safe and any other RFID gun safe you own.
9. Scheels — RCBS Universal Priming Tool, $64.99
⏺️ Recommended tool that adapts to multiple case rim sizes
The RCBS Universal Hand Primer tool can handle both large rim and small rim cases without any parts change. Leverage is good and the primer feeding tray is very reliable. This is a recommended tool for both beginning handloaders and expert-level reloaders. Another good feature of this tool is a patented safety gate that isolates the primer seating operation from the primer supply, lowering risk of tray detonation.
10. Amazon — Deyace Extra Large Shooting Mat, $37.99
⏺️ Nice, relatively big shooting mat with good padding
When shooting prone, you need a good shooting mat. The Deyace Extra Large padded shooting mat (#ad) is a great value for just $37.99. Measuring a generous 78″x28.5″, this XL mat has nice padding for elbows and knees, and the mat folds up nicely for transport. This mat is offered in four colors: Green, Tan, Tan Camo, and Black. For transport, we like this mat’s integral straps and carry handle.
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The 
Forum member Watercam has a Pentax PF-80ED spotting scope that allows him to see 6mm bullet holes in the white at 600 yards. However, 6mm holes in the black are only visible out to 400 yards or so. Accordingly, Watercam uses a modified “reversed” black-to-white target for 600-yard practice. Watercam explains: “[Using the Pentax] With my 6mm and limited mirage I see defined, 6mm holes in the white out to 600. In the black, however, I can see bullets holes at about 400. I now use reverse-color targets for training without a pit partner at the 600-yard line.”
