The shape of powder grains has a profound effect on the performance of the powder charge, as it concerns both pressure and velocity. There are multiple powder shapes including flake, ball, and extruded or “stick” (both solid and perforated).
So how does powder grain shape affect pressure and muzzle velocity?
In general, it can be said that powder that burns progressively achieves a desired muzzle velocity at lower maximum pressure than a powder that burns neutrally, not to mention a degressive powder. As grain size increases, the maximum pressure moves towards the muzzle, also increasing muzzle blast. Muzzle velocity and pressure can be adjusted by means of the amount of powder or loading density, i.e. the relationship between the powder mass and the volume available to it. As the loading density increases, maximum pressure grows.
All Vihtavuori reloading powders are of the cylindrical, single-perforated extruded stick type. The differences in burning rate between the powders depend on the size of the grain, the wall thickness of the cylinder, the surface coating and the composition. Cylindrical extruded powders can also have multi-perforated grains. The most common types are the 7- and 19-perforated varieties. A multi-perforated powder grain is naturally of a much larger size than one with a single perforation, and is typically used for large caliber ammunition.
Other types of powder grain shapes include sphere or ball, and flake. The ball grains are typically used in automatic firearms but also in rifles and handguns. The ball grain is less costly to produce, as it is not pressed into shape like cylindrical grains. Flake shaped grains are typically used in shotgun loadings.
Web thickness in gunpowder terminology means the minimum distance that the combustion zones can travel within the powder grain without encountering each other. In spherical powders, this distance is the diameter of the “ball”; in flake powder it is the thickness of the flake; and in multi-perforated extruded powders it is the minimum distance (i.e. wall thickness) between the perforations.
The burning rate of powder composed of grains without any perforations or surface treatment is related to the surface area of the grain available for burning at any given pressure level. The change in the surface area that is burning during combustion is described by a so-called form function. If the surface area increases, the form function does likewise and its behavior is termed progressive. If the form function decreases, its behavior is said to be degressive. If the flame area remains constant throughout the combustion process, we describe it as “neutral” behavior.
The cylindrical, perforated powders are progressive; the burning rate increases as the surface area increases, and the pressure builds up slower, increasing until it reaches its peak and then collapses. Flake and ball grains are degressive; the total powder surface area and pressure are at their peak at ignition, decreasing as the combustion progresses.
Shooting USA TV will broadcast a great show today, 2/19/2025. Shooting USA’s Wednesday Night episode features the NRA World Shooting Championship held last year at Camp Atterbury. This unique competition features multiple disciplines shot with firearms supplied by sponsors. All of the guns were provided and when the match finished the stage firearms become prizes. There were also cash prize awards for the top Pro Class competitors. SEE NRA World Championship Program.
Shooting USA SHOW TIMES: This Shooting USA Episode airs Wednesday, February 19, 2025 at 9:00 PM Eastern and Pacific; 8:00 PM Central. If you miss the regular broadcast, you can stream the show online at any time on Vimeo for $0.99 per episode.
The NRA World Shooting Championship was held April 3-6, 2024 at Camp Atterbury, Edinburgh, Indiana. Presented by Walther, this challenging event involved rifle, pistol, and shotgun shooting with a dozen disciplines — from short-range action pistol to long-range rifle. Topping the field among lady shooters was the talented Lanny Barnes, a 3-Time Olympic biathlete and professional 3-Gun competitor. We congratulate Lanny for her great 2024 performance at the NRA Championship, which earned Lanny the title of NRA World Shooting Lady Champion!
The NRA World Shooting Championship
This championship is designed to test individuals through multiple different disciplines over a period of three days of shooting. Competitors compete in Professional and Amateur categories for cash and prizes of over $250,000. Walther and other sponsors supplied ALL firearms equipment and ammunition required for the 12 stages of competition.
To do well, competitors must be highly proficient in all shooting skills — rifle, pistol, shotgun, both rapid fire and precision. The stages were: Sporting Clays, Precision Standing Air Gun, NRA Americas Rifle Challenge, NRA Precision Pistol, FITASC, 3-Gun, Mid-Range AR-Tactical, Biathlon, SASS (Cowboy Action), PRS, Scholastic Action Shooting, and USPSA.
There were also seven (7) side matches with different disciplines including falling plates.
Story based on report by Ashley Dugan, CMP Staff Writer
For the first time, the Civilian Marksmanship Program (CMP) will utilize outdoor electronic targets for the 2025 National Rimfire Sporter Rifle Match, set for July 20 at the Camp Perry National Guard Training Facility in Port Clinton, Ohio. Unlike previous years, the 2025 National Rimfire Sporter event will be held on Camp Perry’s Petrarca Range, which is equipped with CMP’s eTargets year-round. The range features more conveniences, such as a covered firing line and adjacent parking.
For the first time, the CMP National Rimfire Sporter Match will utilize electronic targets on the Petraca Range. Monitors placed alongside each competitor will instantly show shot placements during the match, while suspended displays above the firing line will allow spectators to follow action in real time.
“The change to eTargets should improve the experience for the competitors”, said Brian Williams, CMP’s Highpower Manager. “The matches should run faster, without the need to hang targets and do the scoring.”
The National Rimfire Sporter Match is open to both adults and juniors of all experience levels. Using .22 LR rifles at 25 and 50, match participants traditionally shoot in three classes: Open Sight (O), Telescope Sight (T) and Tactical Unlimited (TU). Due to high demand, for 2025 the CMP has added a new M-class so competitors can use U.S. military rimfire training rifles.
Registration for the 2025 National Matches opens March 1, 2025. The 2025 National Rifle Matches will run July 22 through August 3, 2025. The CMP will employ eTargets for all Highpower rifle matches, National Trophy rifle competitions and rifle Games events. The target system will also be used for National Mid-Range and Long Range Matches, August 4-9, 2025. CLICK HERE to learn more about the National Rimfire Sporter Rifle Match and other National Matches events.
About CMP Kongsberg Electronic Targets
The CMP’s outdoor electronic targets employ Kongsberg Target System (KTS) technology. The system includes monitors at each firing point that instantly display accurate shot scores. The mobile version of the KTS system, which has been featured at CMP Travel Games events and the National Matches highpower series for the last several years, will be the applied targets for the 2025 National Matches.
As another advantage, the eTarget system at the National Matches will include the KTS Shooter’s Journal, which keeps a log of each individual’s shots/scores on the firing line.
The 2025 Southwest Nationals (SWN) concluded yesterday at the Ben Avery Range outside Phoenix. The individual long-range matches were held for F-Open, F-TR, and Sling shooters. There was a good turn-out, particularly in the F-Open class. The match was very challenging at the end, with strong winds (see Brandon Green short video below). Along with the individual competitions there were team matches for F-Open, F-TR, and Sling (Palma/Optic) Teams. The weekend featured individual and team matches at 1000 yards on Saturday and Sunday. This was preceded by multi-distance (800, 900, 1000 yard) events on Thursday (Team) and Friday (Individual). EDITOR’s NOTE: We are still awaiting the final published results for some events. We will update/correct the information when available.
Shown above are Tim Vaught (left) and Keith Trapp, winners in F-Open and F-TR classes respectively. Congratulations to Tim (F-Open) and Keith (F-TR) for their first-place finishes among very tough competition. Well done!
2025 SWN Long-Range Match, Individual Results
2025 Southwest Nationals F-Open, F-TR, Sling 600-Yard Top 10
F-Open LR Top Ten
TIM VAUGHT 1245-66X *MW*
ROBERT MASSINGILL 1241-59X
DOUG SKOGMAN 1240-62X
ALAN KULCAK 1239-65X
WILLIAM KOLODZIEJ 1236-82X
JOSEPH FAIRLEY 1236-62X HiGS
SCOTT MCNEELY 1235-75X
PETER JOHNS 1235-69X
SHANE HOWETH 1235-68X
JOSHUA MASSINGILL 1235-62X HiJr
F-TR LR Top Ten
KEITH TRAPP 1237-72X *MW*
OLEG SAVELYEV 1234-48X
NIKLAS MONTIN 1227-49X
ALLEN TAMPKE 1223-54X
BRAD SAUVE 1223-47X HiSr
JEREMY NEWELL 1223-40X
ERIC BISSON 1222-53X
ALAN BARNHART 1221-50X
BENOIT VAUTOUR 1221-50X
TRACY HOGG 1220-39X
SLING LR Top Ten
BOBBY GILL A 791-33X *MW*
DAVID LUCKMAN P 790-35X
JUSTIN SKARET A 790-33X
MICHAEL STORER P 788-36X
MIKE KELLEY P 788-34X
JESS MELLEN F 788-28X
LARRY SOLLARS P 787-35X
PHIL HAYES A 787-32X
PARAG PATEL P 787-30X
RYAN HAYES P 786-30X
Forum member Johnnyi praised the folks who worked hard to run this major match: “Thank you so much to all of the volunteers organizers and staff who run one of the best matches in the country. So many friendly and welcoming faces! Much much appreciated in donating your time away from your families to put on this event!”
The Southwest Nationals is one of the few American events where sling shooters compete on the same firing line as F-Class competitors (though in separate groups).
2025 SWN Long-Range Match, TEAM Results
2025 Southwest Nationals F-Open, F-TR, Sling TEAM Results
USA F-TR BERGER 2556-125X
USA F-TR VORTEX 2556-106X
GUN RUNNERS 2551-117X
TEAM USA VIHTAVUORI 2543-114X
SPIN DRIFTERS 2526-102X
SLING LR Top Five
USNRT FRIGUGLIETTI 2570-115X
USNRT-VFB THEURER 2560-119X
USNRT MRNAK 2557-127X
THREE MEN & A BABY 2556-125X
USNRT GROSS 2546-107X
Congrats to the Winning Teams in F-Open, F-TR, and Sling disciplines: F-Open, Bayou Boyz
Captain: Neil Woody, Coach: Peter Johns
Johnny Ingram, Joseph Fairley, Pat Wood, Alan Kulcak, Michael Kurtz
F-TR, Team USA F-TR Berger
Captain: Charles Rowe, Coach: Jim Crofts
Robert Garibay, Todd Strasavich, Kimberly Rowe, Oleg Savelyev, Adam Husted
SLING (Palma), USNRT Friguglietti
Captain: Justin Utley, Coach: John Friguglietti
Michael Storer, Curtis Gordon, Trudie Fay, Benjamin Lucchesi, John Friguglietti
Interview with 2025 F-Open Winner Tim Vaught and Range View Video at Ben Avery:
Here are two members of winning Team USA F-TR Berger with Brandon Green (at left). Brandon posted: “Helping good friends celebrate their F-TR team win yesterday. Great job guys!”
The SWN was made possible this year through the participation of three dozen sponsors including Berger, Lapua, Vihtavuori, Applied Ballistics, BAT Machine, Brux Barrels, SEB Rests, Lilja Barrels, F-Class Products, Borden Accuracy, McMillen Stocks, Whidden Gunworks, 21st Century, Sightron, PMA Tool, Kelbly’s, Creedmoor Sports, Doan Trevor, Nightforce, SW Action Works and many other companies.
Photo by Nancy Tompkins near Ben Avery Shooting Facility in 2022. Nancy posted: “Thank you to all of the sponsors, volunteers, and shooters who have traveled from all over… to make this match so special.”
At the request of our readers, we provide select “Deals of the Week”. Every Sunday afternoon or Monday morning we offer our Best Bargain selections. Here are some of the best deals on firearms, hardware, reloading components, optics, and shooting accessories. Be aware that sale prices are subject to change, and once clearance inventory is sold, it’s gone for good. You snooze you lose.
NOTE: All listed products are for sale to persons 18 years of age or older. No products are intended for use by minors.
1. Brownells — President’s Day Sale, 15% Off on Uppers, Lowers, Barreled Actions, Optics, Triggers and more
⏺️ Get 15% off orders of $250+ with code PRES15
You can get major savings on a vast variety of products with Brownell’s President’s Day Sale. If you spend at least $250, you can get 15% off with Code PRES15. This 15% savings applies to thousands of products site-wide on Brownells.com. On top of that 15% savings, many popular items have additional discounts including Crimson Trace Scopes, Geissele Triggers, Bergara Rifles, Colt Revolvers, and SIG Sauer Scopes.
2. Palmetto SA — SAR9T Sport 9mm Pistol, $199.99
⏺️ Save $300 off MSRP on good full-size 9mm pistol
This is a great deal for a modern, reliable 9mm pistol with better ergonomics than a Glock (at 40% of the price). The lightweight polymer-framed, striker-fired SAR9T pistol points naturally and has three interchangeable back straps to customize fit. We like the 20-degree grip angle which points well for most users. This version with 4.4″ barrel is a good choice for personal defense and IDPA-type matches. The listed $199.99 sale price is $300.00 off the original $499.99 MSRP. The slide has two threaded holes that allow an optic to be attached, but it does NOT have a removable plate like some newer pistols.
⏺️ Pre-order new Athlon compact Doppler Radar Chrono for April Delivery
Athlon’s new compact Rangecraft Velocity Pro Radar Chronograph costs $250 less than the popular Garmin Xero C1 Chrono. This new Athlon Chrono employs Doppler radar which offers many advantages. And since the unit is not attached to your rifle, it won’t affect tuning or harmonics. The new Athlon Rangecraft Velocity Pro measures bullet velocities from 65 FPS to 5000 FPS. This Athlon Doppler radar chrono should rival the Garmin chrono at a much lower price — $349.99 at EuroOptic vs. $599.99 for the Garmin Xero C1 Pro. The new Athlon Rangecraft Chrono should arrive in April 2025. You can pre-order now from EuroOptic.
4. MidwayUSA — Burris Fullfield E1 Scopes 30-40% Off
⏺️ Good, very affordable choice for varmint rifles
Here are good, reliable SFP 1/4-MOA scopes for hunting or varmint shooting. And you can get these optics for under $180 — a steal! Choose either the Burris E1 6.5-20x50mm SFP for $179.99 (40% Off) or the slightly smaller Burris Fullfield E1 4.5-14x42mm for $167.99 (30% Off). The 6.5-20X would be best for longer range, while the 4.5-14X would be lighter and more compact for field carry on a game hunting rifle. Both E1 scopes have a 1″ main tube and are protected by the rock-solid Burris “Forever Warranty”.
5. Midsouth — Hornady V-Max Bullet Sale, $19.99/100 and up
⏺️ Great tipped varmint bullet on sale in many sizes/calibers
Hornady makes some of our favorite tipped varmint bullets. These Hornady V-Max projectiles work great on prairie dogs, releasing high energy on impact — creating quite a show compared to ordinary jacketed projectiles. Right now Midsouth is running a big V-Max Bullet Sale with discounts up to 20%. V-Max bullets are offered in a wide range of bullet weights and calibers. Current caliber offerings include: .17, .20, .22, .257, .243 (6mm), .264 (6.5mm), .270, .284 (7mm), and .308. If you’re loading up for a spring varmint hunt, definitely grab some V-Max bullets now at a major discount.
6. Powder Valley — Primers in Stock, Small and Large Rifle
⏺️ Grab some top-quality match-grade primers now — large and small
7. Midsouth — Factory Brass Clearance Sale, Primed & Unprimed
⏺️ Great deals on unprimed pistol brass and primed pistol and rifle brass
Midsouth has great deals on pistol and rifle cartridge brass. Prices start as low as $0.12 per unit for Norma-brand .380 ACP. And there is a large selection of brass already primed — priced less than you might pay for unprimed cases. For example, PRIMED 6.5 Creedmoor brass is now just $61.99 per hundred! Unprimed brass on sale includes: .380 Auto, 9mm Luger (9x19mm), .38 Special, .44 Magnum, .45 ACP. PRIMED brass on sale includes: 9mm Luger, .357 Magnum, .45 ACP, .220 Swift, 6.5 Creedmoor, 6.8 SPC, 300 Blackout, .300 WinMag, and .338 Lapua Magnum. NOTE: Some brass types come with FREE Delivery.
8. Amazon — Caldwell Stable Table Deluxe, $212.99
⏺️ Many positive user reviews — good set-up for varminting and home ranges
Need a good platform for shooting in areas other than organized ranges? Check out the Caldwell Stable Table Deluxe. A bolt in the base allows position adjustment of a single leg, aligning the tabletop so that it is parallel with the horizon. The central shaft, seat, and tabletop are able to pivot (rotate) around a center axis as a single unit while keeping the tabletop parallel to the horizon. This is great for varmint hunting. Owner reviews have been very positive.
9. MidwayUSA — Electronic Muffs with Walkie-Talkie, $59.99
⏺️ Dual-function electronic muffs — great for range communications
Electronic earmuffs protect your hearing while allowing you to hear range commands. With these Walkie-Talkie muffs you also get 2-way communication capabilities. The Walker Razor Slim Low Profile Electronic Earmuffs (NRR 23dB) with Walkie Talkie allows you to communicate with other radios. Range is 2-3 miles with 22 channels. These are now just $59.99 (40% Off). If you don’t need the two-way functionality, you can get Walker’s NRR 23 Razor Slim Electronic Muffs for $33.85 (#ad) — 58% off the list price.
10. Amazon — Scope Turret Magnifying Glass with Level, $12.95
Making rapid, yet precise scope turret adjustments can be challenging, especially during fast, timed stages. Most scope turrets have small, thin markings that can be tough to see (particularly with older eyes). To see your elevation turret markings better, try the Monstrum Scope Turret Magnifying Glass with Level (#ad). This simple but effective tool places a magnifier on the shooter’s side of the turret allowing easy viewing. In addition, this handy unit includes a built-in bubble level to help the shooter avoid canting his rifle.
As an Amazon affiliate, this site can earn revenues through sales commissions.
It is estimated that over 21.5 million Americans are currently licensed/permitted to carry concealed weapons.* And with the 2022 U.S. Supreme Court decision in NYSRPA v. Bruen, we can expect that number to increase significantly. That landmark case stated that the Second Amendment guarantees citizens the right to bear arms outside their homes.
There are now seven (7) major business entities which provide insurance coverage and legal services for CCW holders. These providers are listed below. We suggest, BEFORE you commit to any particular policy/membership, you comparison shop at least three different options. We also recommend you read the full 3400-word GunDigest Article that examines, in detail, the coverage offered by these seven companies:
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Gun Insurance Program:
Attorney Fees and Expert Fees
The key benefit of any CCW insurance plan is coverage for attorneys fees. If you need a lawyer for a civil case or criminal defense, the fees pile up very fast. Good lawyers can charge $400-$500 per hour, and a trial can go on for many days. GunDigest explains: “If your case goes to trial you might find a bill that runs up to six figures.” You should check to see if a policy covers lawyer retainer, hourly fees, expert fees, AND potential damages.
Bail Bond Coverage
If you are involved in an incident, and an arrest is made, you want to avoid spending time in a jail cell. That’s why it’s important to have a CCW insurance plan that will quickly provide funding for bail bonds. As GunDigest notes: “bail-bond coverage is typically part of a sound concealed carry insurance policy”.
Multi-State Coverage
Gun laws vary among states, and state insurance laws vary as well. This affects the coverage an insurance program can and will provide. When choosing a policy, ask questions to determine how coverage may vary from state to state. With some programs you can purchase additional coverage for trips outside your home state. These can be time-limited for cost savings.
Policy Limits (Dollar Amounts)
When considering a CCW insurance program you need to look at the policy limits — the amount the program might pay to provide legal assistance and potentially settle a claim. You need to read the fine print here, just as you would with an automobile or home policy.
The detailed GunDigest article on CCW Insurance Coverage, notes that there are some additional factors to consider when choosing CCW Insurance:
“You’ll find there are other areas covered by some concealed carry insurance plans worth contemplating. Many of them fall within the policies themselves, however, some cost extra. In many cases, CCW policies go well beyond legal expenses and cover some other aspects you might not have considered:”
Crime Scene Clean Up
Negligent Discharge
Spouse And Family Self-Defense
Property Damage
Firearms Replacement
Work Loss Coverage
Personal Use Of Firearm (non-defensive)
* According to a recent estimate by the Crime Prevention Research Center (CPRC), over 21.5 million Americans are now licensed to carry a firearm in the United States. And the numbers are growing — the NRA-ILA posted that the number of concealed handgun permits reached 18.66 million in 2019 – a 304% increase since 2007.
Spring is coming soon, and that means it’s time to get ready for early varmint season. Here are eight great rifles from our Shooters’ Forum Favorite Varmint Rifles Thread. You’ll see a variety of action types and stock designs, both custom and factory. And we’ve featured a wide range of chamberings, from 17 Fireball up to a .243 Super Rock Chucker (aka 6mm-06). The common factor is serious accuracy. All these rigs are great shooters that have brought smiles to their owners while bringing doom to varmints.
1. Rem 700 in 20-222 — with Birthday Gift Barrel from Dad
This is proof that you don’t have to spend a fortune to have a great varmint rig. Forum member JDS Holler posted: “Here’s my baby, ‘Plain Jane’. I took a $500 birthday check that my Dad gave me, and ordered a great barrel from PacNor, chambered in 20-222. I got busted up in a fall, and had four months down time to accumulate the components to add to my old .222 Rem 700 donor action. I couldn’t be happier with the outcome. That old Bushnell has been replaced by a Vortex Viper, and this rifle just flat shoots.”
2. 6 BRA with Krieger Barrel from Alex Wheeler
Alex Wheeler of Wheeler Accuracy knows a thing or two about accurate rifles, having built many match-winning benchrest rifles. For varmint work he likes the 6 BRA (BR Ackley) wildcat cartridge: “My favorite varmint setup is this 6mm rifle with BAT SV action in a Nesika bay varmint stock with a 1:8″-twist Krieger HV contour barrel chambered for 6 BRA. I like the 6mmBR and variants (Dasher, BRX, 6BRA) with zero freebores.” He gets great results with 55-60 grain Sierras and Noslers with H322 powder: “I shot 55 Sierra Blitzking, 55 Nosler Ballistic Tip, and 60gr Sierra Varminter HP. H322 was the best powder. Jam ‘em 10 thou in the rifling — and of them — and man they were like magic.” Alex also feels the 6mm rifles are easier to tune than 22-caliber varmint rigs and the 6mm barrel throats last longer. He often puts an older 6mm match barrel on a varmint gun and it still holds quarter-MOA.
Alex recommends sticking with a 1:8″-twist even when shooting light 6mm bullets. The extra RPM makes the bullets MUCH more explosive on critters: “I’ve done one 1:13.5″-twist and I’ll never do that again. I’m not kidding, with the 8-twist it’s twice as energetic. It can lift those ground squirrels 20 feet in the air. With the 13.5-twist it’s not half that.”
About the Suppressor — The rifle is wearing a “can” in the photo. However, Alex tells us that he now avoids suppressors for most varmint work: “I didn’t like the suppressor — it put off so much heat that the mirage was terrible. With the heat mirage, after 5-10 shots you couldn’t see. I learned my lesson. I pulled that sucker off after the first time I shot it.”
3. 6mm Dasher in Convertible Laminated Stock
The 6mm Dasher has won many benchest matches, and it’s also an ultra-accurate varminting cartridge. This Dasher belong to Forum member MTLager who posted: “Here’s my baby — 6 Dasher with BAT SV action. First one built. Serial number PT1.” This impressive rig features a tack-driving, 1:8″-twist Brux Heavy Varmint contour barrel. This rig is “Smokin the 75gr V-Maxs” reports MTLager. The stock is very interesting. MTLager explains: “This is a Richard Franklin laminated blank made into a stock by J.T. Barber. It has a 3″-wide fore-end for varmint shooting. But I can change the front to 4″-width and a rear section can be removed.” The angled rear “toe” of the buttstock can be taken off, allowing a flat, straight bottom for benchrest competition.
4. Slick 17 Fireball with BAT Action and Stunning Stock
This rifle is almost too pretty to carry out into the varmint fields. Look at that wood! This handsome small-caliber varminter belongs to Forum member “20 TAC”. Chambered for the 17 Fireball wildcat (.221 Fireball necked down), this rig features a BAT Action, Jewell Trigger, and a custom exhibition-grade walnut stock sporting a true ebony fore-end cap. The checkering is exceptional. Owner 20 Tac report this rig “shoots 20 grain V-Max bullets with H4198 very well.” That’s a Nightforce scope on top.
5. 6mmBR in McMillan Stock with Krieger Barrel
This website stated 17 years ago as 6mmBR.com, so we had to include a classic 6mmBR Norma in today’s varmint rifle line-up. Forum member Powderbrake posted: “Here is my favorite varmint rifle — [a 6BR with] Stiller Predator V RBLP action, bedded in a McMillan stock.” This accurate varminter features a 1:8″-twist 6mm Krieger barrel and Jewell trigger. Up top is a Nightforce NXS 8-32x56mm scope. Below are the owner’s key gear items: Leica Laser-Rangefinding Binoculars, Smartphone with Applied Ballistics software, and Kestrel Weather Meter. Powderbrake told us he recently upgraded to a Model 5700 Kestrel with ballistics software and LiNK. (Editor: The $399.00 Kestrel 5700 has ballistics software, but if you want the full Applied Ballistics suite, order the $699.00 Kestrel 5700 Elite).
6. Efficient 20 Vartarg for Prairie Dog Adventures
The .20 Vartarg is based on the .221 Fireball case, necked down to .204 and slightly modified for extra capacity. This very efficient cartridge offers low recoil and great accuracy. It’s one of our first choices for ground squirrels and P-dogs out to 300 yards. 20 Vartarg here belongs to Forum Member DogBuster, an avid varminter based in Utah. He posted: “If I recall, I had a hot spot in this location — probably kilt 150+ prairie dogs that morning. The hay wagon helped too, offering added elevation.”
7. AR-10 Custom in .243 Winchester
Forum Member Urban Rifleman calls this .243 AR10-platform rifle the “Goblin Killer”. This Gen 2 DPMS rifle features a Craddock Precision Bartlein 1:8″-twist 5R barrel chambered in .243 Winchester with a Tubb assymmetrical muzzle brake. Up front is the unique Tubb Bipod which reduces hop. The buttstock is a Magpul PRS Gen 2. The scope is a Leupold VX-3i LRP 6.5-20x50mm FFP TMR. We’re told this rig “will easily shoot 1/2 MOA, sometimes much smaller”.
Urban Rifleman produces a variety of great gun accessories sold through TheUrbanRiflemanStore.com. That green grip is his Urban Rifleman/Tubb ergonomic grip.
8. Savage 20 BR Varmint Rifle with Hart Barrel
This rifle is owned by Forum member VolDoc. The action is a Savage Dual Port, with an aftermarket Sharp Shooter Supply (SSS) 4 oz. Evolution trigger. The stock is a modified Savage factory unit that has been pillar-bedded. The factory barrel was replaced with a 28″ Hart stainless, 1:9″ twist barrel fitted with a Rayhill muzzle brake. The gun is chambered in 20 BR with a 0.235″ no-turn neck. Kevin Rayhill did the smithing. To provide enough elevation to shoot at 1,000 yards plus, Ray fitted a +20 MOA Bench Source scope base. This +20 rail is very well-crafted, and made especially for the Savage Model 12. VolDoc reports: “The mild recoil of the 20 BR, along with a very good muzzle brake (Rayhill’s design) enables me to spot every hit or miss myself. Kevin also re-contoured the underside of the Savage stock so it tracks straight back on recoil, also making seeing hits easier. My 55gr Berger load with runs about 3590 fps. Varget was very accurate with the 55s.”
The 20 Caliber 1000-Yard Prairie Dog Quest
Making the 1032-Yard Shot with a 20 BR by Dr. John S. (aka “VolDoc”)
Here’s my account of a successful quest for a 20-caliber varmint kill past 1,000 yards. This may be a first — I couldn’t find anyone else with a confirmed 20-Cal Prairie Dog kill at 1000+. Well, folks, I can tell you, hitting a Prairie Dog at 1000 yards isn’t easy — but it IS possible. Here’s how it was done….
Gale-Force Winds and High Temps
At our Prairie Dog Ranch in Colorado, I soon realized my quest was going to be especially difficult because we had 40+ mph winds and 100° heat every day. We had a special place where Birdog and I had made many 1,000-yard+ kills in years past, so I knew the ideal location but needed a small window of opportunity either early morning or late afternoon. Based on past experience, I knew I needed about 21 MOA from my 100-yard zero to get to 1,000 yards. On the first day of the Safari, I shot the 20 BR in the 45 mph brutal winds and heat of 97°. But after about 20 shots, I connected on a dog and lifted him about three feet high. Well, that’s a start.
Winds Subside — Here’s Our Chance …
On the second day of our shoot, I had listened to the early weather forecast, so I knew that there was to be a brief period of light winds early in the morning. We were out on the Colorado prairie at daylight and the conditions were perfect. The sunrise was at my back and we had about a 10 mph tailwind. I looked through my Leica Geovid Rangefinder Binos and the Prairie Dogs were out for breakfast. I quickly ranged the targets and found a group at about 1,050 yards. The technique is to find the dogs, range them, click-up according to your ballistic chart and shoot.
My first shot was very, very close. I added about four clicks up and a couple of clicks left for windage and let another go. That shot threw dirt all over, but the dog didn’t even flinch. This is another good point to remember about long-range Prairie Dog hunting. To be successful, the dogs can’t be too skittish, because if they have been shot at even a few times, they will go down and stay down. So, you should have an agreement with those in your party as to where each member is going to be shooting and respect this boundary. Drive-by shooting style is OK if that’s your thing, it’s just not mine.
Hitting the Mark — Dead Dog at 1032 Yards
On the fourth shot, I saw the dog go belly up and kick its final throws. My quest for the 20-Caliber 1,000-yard Prairie Dog had become a reality. We confirmed the distance with our lasers at 1,032 yards. Our technique for retrieving a dead dog at that range is worth mentioning. When I killed that dog, I left it in the crosshairs of my Nightforce scope. My shooting buddy kept looking through the scope (of my gun) and guided me to the deceased dog using Motorola walkie-talkies.
When I got to the dog I was jubilant. I marked it with my tripod and orange jacket, and we took some pictures. The 55gr Bergers require a center mass hit as they will not expand, especially at that range. I centered this dog in the head — his BAD LUCK, my GOOD.
After making the 1,032-yard kill, I shot many many other Prairie Dogs with the Savage 20 BR using the 40gr V-Maxs. The dog flights were spectacular — red mist and helicopters, counter-clockwise or clockwise on demand. I killed at least five at over 500 yards. I will not use the 55 Bergers on Prairie Dogs again since the quest is over. I will use the 40gr V-Maxs and 39gr Sierra BlitzKings for next trip’s 20 BR fodder.
Parting Shot from Groundhog Country, SW Pennsylvania
This nice tripod with rifle mount (and Rem 40XB 22-250 on top) belongs to Forum Member Snert.
Ever wish you could look inside your rifle, to see how the trigger and fire-control system work? Well now that is possible with the magic of 3D computer graphics. Modern software allows detailed “cutaway” side-views (see below), as well as 3D views with 360° rotation. The software can also provide X-Ray-type views into the gun’s internals — as you can see above. And computer animation can show the complete firing process from trigger pull to chambering of the next round.
Rem 700 Cutaway View from Right Side
This article provides some very cool 3-D “Cutaway View” animations of the popular Remington 700 action, probably the most successful American bolt-action ever created.
READERS — Take the time to watch the video! The Rem 700 animation is really outstanding! EVERY bolt-action shooter should watch this video all the way through.
Cutaway 3D Animation of Rem 700 Action — Watch Video
The Model 700 series of bolt-action rifles have been manufactured by Remington Arms since 1962. All are based on basically the same centerfire bolt action. They are typically sold with an internal magazine depending on caliber, some of which have a floor-plate for quick-unloading, and some of which are “blind” (no floor-plate). The rifle can also be ordered with a detachable box magazine. The Model 700 is a development of the Remington 721 and 722 series of rifles, which were introduced in 1948.
The Remington 700 is a manually-operated bolt action with forward, dual opposed lugs. It features “Cock On Opening”, meaning the upward rotation of the bolt when the rifle is opened cocks the firing pin. A cam mechanism pushes the firing pin’s cocking piece backward. The bolt face is recessed, fully enclosing the base of the cartridge. The extractor is a C-clip sitting within the bolt face. The ejector is a plunger on the bolt face actuated by a coil spring. The bolt is of 3-piece construction, brazed together (head, body. and bolt handle). The receiver is milled from round cross-section steel.
This video was made with the help of the World of Guns: Gun Disassembly interactive encyclopedia with 3D rendering. This remarkable web-based software allows users to view the inner workings of hundreds of different rifles and pistols — everything from a .22 LR Ruger to a .55-caliber Boys Anti-Tank rifle. There are also 25,000+ parts diagrams. This is a remarkable technical resource. SEE MORE HERE.
Do you have trouble seeing your bullet holes (on paper) when shooting past 400 yards? That’s a common issue even with premium ($2000+) high-magnification scopes. Here’s a target that solves that problem. A hit creates a larger black circle that’s much more visible than a plain bullet hole, making this target ideal for use at longer range (500 yards and beyond).
The 12″ square Birchwood Casey white background Sight-In Target displays a black “halo” around each hit (like the yellow circle on a conventional Shoot-N-C). Larger than bullet diameter, the “halos” can be easily seen with a high-magnification scope at long range (see video below). The self-adhesive target features four diamonds with contrasting red box centers. For precise aiming, you can position your cross-hairs to align with the corners of the boxes. Or, you can put a target dot sticker in the middle.
This video shows Black Shot Halos on white background:
While we envision using this target with optics at long range, Birchwood Casey says that open sights show up well against the white background, making these targets well-suited for indoor ranges or use in low light conditions.
This white background grid target has five aiming points and a 1-inch grid overlay for quick and easy sight adjustments. It comes with target pasters that allow shooters to cover up bullet holes and continue using the target for added value. The White/Black Shoot-N-C 12″ Sight-In Targets come in 5-packs with target pasters for $11.89 from MidwayUSA or $9.99 at Ramsey Outdoor. If you prefer circle targets, there is a larger 17.5″ Shoot-N-C target with one large bull with red diamond center (photo right).
High-Viz Option — Yellow on Black Grid with Yellow Halos
If you prefer seeing ultra-high-contrast yellow/green “halos” for your hits, Birchwood Casey also makes adhesive grid targets with five yellow-edged diamonds. Red circles provide precise aiming points in the middle of each box. You can quickly estimate group size or dial-in your zero using the hi-viz yellow 1″ grid lines. These yellow-on-black targets are available in three sizes: 8″ square, 12″ square, and 17.25″ square. These yellow-on-black grid targets start at $7.60 for an 8″ six-pack.
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Right now the 2025 Southwest Nationals 1000-yard individual competition is underway at the Ben Avery range outside Phoenix. Along with the F-Class matches (for F-TR and F-Open), there is a “hard-hold” division with competitors shooting rifles with sling in prone position. At the SWN this sling division has two sub-classes: “A” for “Any Rifle, Any Sight” and “P” for Palma rifles. These Palma rifles must shoot with iron sights, and they are limited to two chamberings: .223 Remington (5.56×45) and .308 Winchester (7.62×51). These Palma rifles typically feature long barrels for enhanced velocity, and a sophisticated stock that offers multiple adjustments.
Palma rifle division shooter at the Southwest Nationals a few seasons back.
Today’s Saturday showcase we features six videos showing key features of modern Palma rifles. In addition, we offer insight into loading the .308 Win cartridge for long-range accuracy. Even with iron sights, modern top-tier Palma rifles are capable of shooting exceptional scores at 600 to 1000 yards.
About Palma Rifle Competition
The Palma discipline is a prone Iron Sight competition that originated in 1876, making it the second oldest continuing rifle match in the world. Except for a hiatus in the late 1900s, there is a nearly 150-year history of Palma matches. The Palma Course of Fire includes stages at 800, 900, and 1000 yards. At each yard-line you get two (2) sighting shots followed by 15 shots for record, for a grand total of 51 shots.
Under U.S.A. Palma rules the gun must be a rifle with metallic sights chambered for .308 Win (7.62×51) or .223 Rem (5.56×45). Most of the rifles featured in these videos are chambered for .308 Winchester, but we do have a video of John Whidden shooting his .223 Rem Palma gun — you’ll notice the significantly reduced recoil. CLICK HERE for more information on Palma Rules.
Here is Bryan Litz, creator of Applied Ballistics software, with his .308 win Palma rig.
Components of Modern Palma Rifle and Palma Competition Basics
We definitely recommend you watch this video. Hosted by SSG Robert Germanelo of the U.S. Marine Corps Shooting Team, this video explains the basic rules of Palma competition and covers the key features of a modern, tubegun-style Palma rifle. The featured rifle has a Eliseo Competition Machine stock, Krieger 30″ 1:13″-twist barrel, Defiance Machine single-shot Rem 700-compatible action, Jewell trigger, Warner Tool Aperture Rear Sight, and Stallings Machine “Right Sight” in the front.
John Whidden Shoots His Modern .223 Rem Palma Rifle
With the latest bullets, long barrels, and strong Lapua brass, the .223 Rem CAN compete successfully in modern Palma competition. Here we feature a .223 Rem Palma rig belonging to 5-time NRA Long Range Champion John Whidden. Watch video at 00:25 and you’ll see the recoil of Whidden’s .223 Rem Palma rifle is significantly less than a .308 Win Palma rig. John joked: “With the .223 Rem there is just a pop and a wiggle after the shot.” CLICK HERE for full 1200-word report on this rifle with many more photos.
Modern .308 Win Palma Rifle with Custom Anschutz-style Stock
Here a Palma competitor showcases his modern .308 Win Palma rifle built with an custom-made, Anschutz 1913 model-style stock with the main frame crafted by the host’s father. This rig has a 30″ barrel chambered for 155gr bullets. The video explains how the components were chosen, why the barrel is so long, and how the stock adjusts in numerous ways to fit the shooter’s particular prone style. Below is a diagram of the sight picture. This is covered at 1:56 in the video.
Palma Rifles Shooting 1000 Yards at Bisley in the UK
This UK-produced video features Palma matches at the Stickledown Range at Bisley. This video showcases the Inter-Counties match, where competitors use iron-sighted Palma rifles on targets at 1000 yards. This video provides a good introduction to the Palma discipline as practiced in Great Britain.
Canadian Palma Fun — Nova Scotia Shooters at 900 Yards
In this video, filmed at a beautiful range in Nova Scotia, two Canadian shooters compete at 900 yards with their iron sighted .308 Win Palma rifles. The video combines three different views into one frame, so you can simultaneously see downrange, see the shooters, and see the shot impact on the electronic target display. The shooters fired .308 Win cartridges loaded with Vihtavuori N140 powder and 155gr Sierra #2156 PALMA bullets.
Ballistics Guru Shoots Palma at 800 Yards
The talented Bryan Litz, head honcho of Applied Ballistics LLC, demonstrates his shooting skills in this video. Watch Byran complete the 800-yard phase of the Palma course shot at Camp Atterbury, Indiana in the summer of 2008.
Palma Chambering and Bullet Weight Limits
There is, understandably, quite a bit of confusion concerning caliber limitations for Palma rifles and Palma competition. Some folks say you can shoot a .308 Winchester (or 7.62×51) with a bullet weight up to 156 grains. Others say you can shoot a .308 Win (or 7.62×51) with any bullet weight. Still others opine that you can shoot EITHER a .223 Rem (5.56×45) or a .308 Win (or 7.62 NATO).
So who is right? Well, all these viewpoints are correct in part. That’s because different rules apply in different venues. In most, but not all United States Palma competitions, you can shoot either a .223 Rem or .308 Win with no restriction on bullet weights. But in some U.S. Matches, most notably the Spirit of America, certain prizes are limited to .308s with 156gr max bullet weights OR .223s with 81gr max bullet weights. What’s the bottom line? In most USA Palma competitions you can shoot either a .308 or a .223 with no limit on bullet weight. In International Palma competitions you can shoot either a .308 or a .223 but the max bullet weight is limited.
Making the 1032-Yard Shot with a 20 BR
Hitting the Mark — Dead Dog at 1032 Yards
This video was made with the help of the 
