Ever wondered what caused a particular bulge or marking on a case? And more importantly, does the issue make the case unsafe for further use? Sierra Bullets Ballistic Technician Duane Siercks offers some insight into various issues and their causes in two Case Diagnostic articles from the Sierra Blog.
Incipient Case-Head Separation
This is a Winchester .308 Win case that has a real issue. This case has a very obvious incipient case head separation in the process of becoming a complete failure.
This is most commonly caused by over-sizing the case causing there to be excess headspace on the case. After a few firings and subsequent re-sizing, this case is just about ready to come completely apart. Proper die adjustment is certainly a requirement here. Of course this case is not safe to reuse.
Excessive Pressure (Load Too Hot)
If you will notice in the picture of the case rim, there are two pressure signs to notice. First, look at the primer. It is basically flattened to about the max of what could be considered safe. If this was the only pressure sign noted, I would probably be fine with this load, but would constantly keep an eye on it especially if I was going to use this load in warmer temperatures. This load could easily cross into the “excess pressure” realm very quickly.
There is another sign of pressure that we cannot ignore. If you’ll notice, there is an ejector mark apparent that is located over the “R” of the R-P headstamp. This absolutely tells us that this load would not have been in the safe pressure range. If there were any of these rounds loaded, they should not be fired and should be dis-assembled. This case should not be reloaded.
Split Case-Neck
Here we have an R-P .22-250 case that has died the death. Everything looks fine with this case except the neck is split. This case must be tossed.
A split neck is a normal occurrence that you must watch for. It is caused by work-hardening of the brass. Brass cases get harder with age and use. Brand new cases that are stored for a period of time can become hard enough that they will split like this case within one to two firings. I have had new factory loads do the same thing. Then as we resize and fire these cases repeatedly, they tend to get harder and harder. Eventually they will split. The life of the case can be extended by careful annealing practices. This is an issue that would need to be addressed in an article by itself. Of course this case is no longer usable.
In the classes that I teach, I try to use examples like this to let the students see what they should be looking for. As always, if we can assist you, whether you are new to reloading or very experienced, contact us here at Sierra Bullets by phone at 1-800-223-8799 or by email at sierra@sierrabullets.com.
Dented Case Body
Here we have a Lake City 7.62×51 (.308 Win.) case with two heavy marks/dents in the case body.
This one may be a bit of a mystery. It appears as if this case may have been caught in the action of a semi-auto rifle when the firearm jammed or the case failed to clear during the cycling process. I probably would not reload this case just to prevent any feeding problems. This also appeared to be a factory loaded round and I don’t really see any pressure issues or damage to the case.
Multiple Problems — Lake City 5.56×45 unknown year.
This case has suffered multiple failures and cannot be re-used. First its has have a very rounded shoulder that is split. Upon first look it was obvious that this round had been a victim of excess pressure. The firearm (perhaps an AR?) was apparently not in full battery, or there was possibly a headspace issue also. While taking a closer look, the primer was very flat and the outside radius of the primer cup had been lost. High pressure! Then I also noticed that there was an ejector mark on the case rim. This is most certainly an incident of excessive pressure. This case is ruined and should be discarded.
It is very important to observe and inspect your cases before each reloading. After awhile it becomes second nature to notice the little things. Never get complacent as you become more familiar with the reloading process. If ever in doubt, call Sierra’s Techs at 1-800-223-8799.
At the request of our readers, we provide select “Deals of the Week”. Every Sunday afternoon or Monday morning we offer our Best Bargain selections. Here are some of the best deals on firearms, hardware, reloading components, optics, and shooting accessories. Be aware that sale prices are subject to change, and once clearance inventory is sold, it’s gone for good. You snooze you lose.
NOTE: All listed products are for sale to persons 18 years of age or older. No products are intended for use by minors.
1. Brownells — Labor Day Sale PLUS 15% Off Discount Code
⏺ Huge number of discounted items plus 15% savings with Code LD15
If you’re looking to save money on a wide range of shooting gear check out the Labor Day Sale at Brownells. Many items are on sale and you can get 15% off nearly everything in stock with Promo Code “LD15″ at checkout. Don’t miss this chance to grab quality gun parts and accessories on sale. NOTE: The Labor Day Sale deals and 15% discount end Monday, September 2, 2024 at 11:59 pm CDT.
2. Graf & Sons — Bushnell Optics Clearance Sale
⏺ Save 22% or more on scopes, binoculars, and more
Bushnell makes quality riflescopes, binoculars, spotters, and night vision units, and Bushnell offers a strong warranty. Right now get major savings on Bushnell optics with the Bushnell Clearance Sale at Graf’s. All the sale items are at least 22% off with savings up to 25%. For example, if you need a deer hunting scope, you can grab a Bushnell 3-9x40mm Trophy scope for just $105.78 a 22% savings. This Bushnell Sale is a great opportunity to get optics for your next project or hunt.
3. Amazon — Lyman 8-station Turret Press, $269.97
⏺ 8-station turret press is great for loading multiple cartridge types
The 8-station Lyman Brass Smith All-American 8 Press (#ad) is an impressive product. This sturdy turret press is made from heavy-duty cast iron. The 8-die station turret will hold up to four 2-die sets. Below the turret is a rigid cast iron frame, housing a 1″-diameter ram and compound linkage. NOTE: With a $269.97 price on Amazon, the 8-station Lyman is $130 cheaper than the $399.99 7-station Redding T-7. No question, that’s a significant price advantage.
4. Creedmoor Sports — Pre-Fit Criterion Barrels on Sale
⏺ Very accurate barrels for AR Platform, Garand, M1903-A3 and more
Pre-fit Criterion barrels are a great value. For $285 – $340 you can get a quality, accurate Criterion barrel that is threaded, chambered, and ready to install on your AR-15, M1 Garand, or M1903-A3. No special gunsmithing is required, though you should check the chamber length before you load ammo for the new barrel. This is a great option for GSSM match shooters and Service Rifle shooters. Go to Creedmoor Sports for these Criterion Pre-Fit Barrel Bargains.
5. Amazon — Lyman Case Prep Xpress, $144.96
⏺ Popular case prep machine with five stations
The popular Lyman Case Prep Xpress (#ad) has five stations (with a high-torque gear motor) so you can run multiple case prep tools on one machine. This allows you to chamfer cases inside and out, brush case-necks, clean/uniform primer pockets, and ream military crimps. The Case Prep Xpress ships with case neck brushes and multiple tool heads. Included with the machine are: Inside Deburr (VLD) Tool, Primer Pocket Uniformers (Sm/Lg), Primer Pocket Reamers (Sm/Lg), Primer Pocket Cleaners (Sm/Lg), Case Neck Brushes (.25, .30, .38, .45 Cal), and Clean-up Brush. A dump pan provides easy clean up of brass shavings.
6. Midsouth — Frankford Arsenal Tumbler Lite + Media, $109.99
⏺ Rugged, effective tumbler sold with or without media
Have you wanted to get a wet tumbler but don’t need a giant one? Consider the Frankford Arsenal Rotary Case Tumbler Lite. Choose either the basic model for $94.99 (no media) or the Combo Kit with two pounds of stainless media for $109.99. A compact version of the popular Frankford Platinum Series Tumbler, the Tumbler Lite can hold up to 300 pieces of .223 brass. With its proven durability and direct-drive electric motor, this is a good tumbler choice at a great price. It can be used with media or with just water and cleaning solution.
7. EuroOptic — Walther PPQ M2 9mm Pistol, $629.99
⏺ Save hundreds on great 9mm handgun for gun games
The Walther Q5 M2 Match — a great choice for IDPA and other action pistol competitions — has a very good trigger and impressive accuracy. It boasts fully adjustable LPA sights with a red fiber optic front. The slide can also take a Red Dot sight. The grip is comfortable and ergonomic, with interchangeable backstraps. We like the trigger much better than Glock triggers — this Walther has a clean trigger pull with fast reset. With this EuroOptic deal you can save $350.00 on the Walther Q5 M2 Match.
⏺ Comfortable slim NRR23 muffs with high-gain microphones
Walker’s Razor Slim Electronic Shooting Earmuffs (#ad) amplify ambient noise for situational awareness yet provide good protection with a non-bulky design. These Razor Slim muffs have a good noise reduction rating (NRR) of 23 dB. (For optimal protection run plugs under the muffs.) The Razor series muffs feature Walker’s comfort fit headband for all-day shooting. NOTE: These are Amazon’s #1 Best Seller in Hunting & Shooting Earmuffs. This $38.80 price is a very good deal.
10. Amazon — REXBETI Digital Micrometer, $39.99
⏺ Very good unit for the price, with nice, large display
Want to upgrade to a digital micrometer? The EXBETI Digital Micrometer (#ad) is a great value at $39.99. This unit can provide ultra-precise measurements with 0.0001″ accuracy. The unit is easy to use and has a large, clear LCD display. This comes with a handy hard case for storage. NOTE — this type of micrometer does NOT work for measuring case-wall thickness. You’ll need a ball micrometer for that task.
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The Lapua Monarch Cup is a prestigious smallbore silhouette rifle competition with events in both the USA and Mexico. We congratulate Finland’s Marko Nikkos on winning the first event of the 2024 Lapua Monarch Cup. Nikkos, who scored a 107/120X shooting Lapua Midas+ ammo, edged out Team SK’s Jake Stine in a shootout to collect the $1,000 top prize. Over the three stages (sub-matches) of this event, Nikkos scored 33/40, 36/40, and 38/40, then winning in a final shootout.
The Lapua Monarch Cup is a two-leg, multi-national smallbore silhouette series with the winner earning the title of North American Champion. Competitors are scored by division (Master, AAA, AA, & A), giving all shooters an opportunity to benefit from $100,000 in cash and prizes. With such valuable awards for participants, the Lapua Monarch Cup is a hugely prestigious and popular competition in the smallbore silhouette shooting world.
The first segment of the Lapua Monarch Cup was conducted at the Ridgway Rifle Club in Ridgway, Pennsylvania at the 2024 NRA Smallbore Rifle Silhouette Championship, held July 28-30, 2024. The second leg of the Lapua Monarch Cup is slated for October 5-6, 2024 at the Club Saltillo in Mexico.
Basics of Smallbore Silhouette Competition
Smallbore Silhouette shooting is a fun and challenging shooting discipline that has competitors taking aim at a variety of steel chickens, pigs, turkeys, and rams. Shooters, standing and unsupported, take aim at four banks of silhouettes at increasing distances, shooting 40 targets in all. For every silhouette knocked down, the competitor earns one point. Smallbore Silhouette competitors typically shoot at distances of 40, 60, 77, and 100 meters at metric matches.
CLICK HERE to learn more about the Lapua Monach Cup, with information on rules, entries, and venues.
Many online vendors are running sales this Labor Day Holiday weekend. You’ll find score of products marked way down, plus discount codes that can save you 15% or more on your purchases. Some sales run through end-of-day (11:59 pm) on Monday September 2nd, while other Labor Day sales extend into next week. Be sure to check the sale schedules.
Brownells Labor Day Sale — 15% Off Plus Sale Pricing
Save now with Brownell’s Labor Day Sale which is already underway. You get 15% Off with Code LD15, plus there is special SALE Pricing on a vast selection of popular products. Act soon because the deals/discount ends Monday, September 2, 2024 at 11:59 pm CDT.
Sportsman’s Guide — Big Discounts and $50 Off $250+ Orders
For Labor Day weekend at Sportsman’s Guide there are 60% savings on select shooting accessories, 50% savings on some hunting gear, and 40% savings on select ammunition. In addition, you can get $50 off orders of $250 or more with coupon CODE SG4088. NOTE this coupon offer expires Sunday, September 1, 2024, the day BEFORE Labor Day. Also the discount code does NOT work with firearms and ammunition.
Bruno’s — No HazMat + $15 Shipping w/ $250 Powder/Primers
Need primers or reloading powder? Right you can get powder and or primers delivered for just $15 with FREE HazMat (that can save you up to $70 on HazMat and shipping). To qualify you must purchase at least $250 worth of powder and/or primers at Bruno Shooters Supply. In addition, right now Bruno’s is offering $100 off BAT, Kelbly, and Stiller actions that are currently in stock (online purchases only).
Midsouth — FREE HazMat OR Free Shipping Through 9/2/2024
Midsouth is running a Labor Day Weekend Special for orders of $99 or more. With code LD24HE you can get FREE HazMat. OR with code LD24SE you can get FREE Shipping. Again, please note, there is a minimum order. For An Order To Qualify For FREE Shipping (LD24SE) the order must include at least $99 of in-stock items up to 49 pounds in total weight. If order weight exceeds 50 lbs, shipping charges will be added. To get FREE Haz-Mat (LD24HE) the order must include at least $99 of in-stock HazMat items up to 49 pounds. This offer applies to lower 48 states only. Offers cannot be combined and the offers will NOT apply to backorders. These offers end 09/02/24 at 11:59pm CST.
Primary Arms Labor Day Sale — Major Discounts
Primary Arms is running a huge Labor Day Sale, with major brand discounts such as 15% off Eotech and Bonus Bucks on Vortex products. There are also major savings on thousands of products in stock. For example the Anderson A4 Lower is marked down from $233.69 to $94.99, a CMC AR Trigger is marked down from $174.00 to $99.99, and a Primary Arms Shooting mat is marked down from $49.99 to $19.99. This is a big sale, with new items appearing every few hours.
Sportsman’s WH — Big Savings on Hunting & Camping Gear
Right now Sportsman’s Warehouse is running a huge Labor Day Sale with all product types on sale. You’ll find big savings on tents, camping gear, backpacks, optics, outdoor clothing, boots and more. In addition, there are discounts on firearms and ammunition. Shown above are just a few of the notable deals. You can up to 40% during this sale. NOTE: Some of the “Hot Buys” expire on Monday 9/2/24.
Precision Reloading — 10% Off Order or $8 Shipping Promo
Precision Reloading has a dual-option promotion for Labor Day weekend. First you can get 10% OFF your order with Code 19224. Or you can use code 89224 to get flat-rate $8.00 shipping. If you are planning a significant purchase, say over $120.00, then take the 10% OFF deal. If you are purchasing a heavy item, or plan a relatively low-cost order, then it may be wise to take the shipping discount. Both these offers are good through 11:59 pm CT on 9/3/2024. These promotions “cannot be used on previous orders, sale items, or with any other offers.”
Creedmoor Sports — FREE Shipping on Orders $145+
Now through mid-day on Tuesday, Creedmoor Sports is providing FREE Ground Shipping on orders of $145.00 or more. NOTE: This is a limited-time offer through 12:00 pm (noon) on Tuesday 9/3/2024. Some exclusions apply: ammunition, tumbler media, plastic beads, portable air gun ranges, firearms, air rifles, and posters. Also all drop-shipped items (including all Giraud and Gracey products, CTK products, Big Shot Tumblers) are exempt.
BONUS: MidwayUSA Camo Tuesday on 9/3/2024
On Tuesday, September 3, 2024, MidwayUSA will run its big Camo Tuesday™ Sale, with major discounts and FREE SHIPPING on select hunting gear. “With the arrival of hunting season, it’s finally time for one of our biggest sales of the year, Camo Tuesday,” said Adam Augustine, VP of eCommerce. MidwayUSA offers camouflage clothing for sale, as well as packs, hunting boots, ammunition, optics and more. CLICK HERE to preview Camo Tuesday™ offerings.
The U.S. Army Marksmanship Unit published a series of reloading “how-to” articles on the USAMU Facebook page. A while back the USAMU’s reloading gurus looked at the subject of cartridge run-out and what can be done to produce straighter ammo. Tasked with producing thousands of rounds of ammo for team members, the USAMU’s reloading staff has developed smart methods for improving concentricity, even with budget-priced dies. For other hand-loading tips, visit the USAMU Facebook page.
Minimizing Runout with Standard Seating Dies
This USAMU article explains how to set up standard bullet seating dies dies to minimize Total Indicated Run-out (TIR). The loading process is described using a single-stage press since most handloaders have one. A high-quality run-out gauge is essential for obtaining consistent, accurate results.
Having sized, primed, and charged our brass, the next step is bullet seating. Many approaches are possible; one that works well follows. When setting up a standard seating die, insert a sized, trimmed case into the shellholder and fully raise the press ram. Next, back the seating stem out and screw the die down until the internal crimping shoulder touches the case mouth.
Back the die out ¼ turn from this setting to prevent cartridge crimping. Next, lower the press ram and remove the case. Place a piece of flat steel (or window glass, which is quite flat) on the shellholder and carefully raise the ram.
Place tension on the die bottom with the flat steel on the shellholder. This helps center the die in the press threads. Check this by gently moving the die until it is well-centered. Keeping light tension on the die via the press ram, secure the die lock ring. If one were using a match style, micrometer-type seating die, the next step would be simple: run a charged case with bullet on top into the die and screw the seating stem down to obtain correct cartridge OAL.
However, with standard dies, an additional step can be helpful. When the die has a loosely-threaded seating stem, set the correct seating depth but don’t tighten the stem’s lock nut. Leave a loaded cartridge fully raised into the die to center the seating stem in the die. Then, secure the stem’s lock nut. Next, load sample cartridges and check them to verify good concentricity.
One can also experiment with variations such as letting the seating stem float slightly in the die to self-center, while keeping correct OAL. The run-out gauge will show any effects of changes upon concentricity. However, this method has produced excellent, practical results as evidenced by the experiment cited previously. These results (TIR Study 2) will reproduced below for the reader’s convenience.
First, however, let’s examine run-out figures of some factory-loaded match ammunition. This should give readers who are new to TIR gauges some perspective about the TIR ranges one might encounter.
TIR Study 1: 50 rounds Lake City M852 Match 7.62mm
(168 gr. Sierra MatchKings)
0.000” – 0.001” = 2%
0.001” – 0.002” = 30%
0.002” – 0.003” = 16%
0.003” – 0.004” = 22%
0.004” – 0.005” = 14%
0.005” – 0.006” = 14%
0.006” – 0.007” = 0%
0.007” – 0.008” = 2%
TIR Study 2: 50 rounds of .308 match ammo loaded using carefully-adjusted standard dies, vs. 50 using expensive “Match” dies from the same maker.
Standard dies, TIR:
0.000” — 0.001” = 52%;
0.001”– 0.002” = 40%;
0.002”– 0.003” = 8%.
None greater than 0.003”.
Note: both samples were loaded using the O-Ring method, i.e. with a rubber O-Ring placed under the locking ring of the Full-length sizing die to allow that die to float.
These tips are intended to help shooters obtain the best results from inexpensive, standard loading dies. Especially when using cases previously fired in a concentric chamber, as was done above, top-quality match dies and brass can easily yield ammo with virtually *no* runout, given careful handloading.
When neck-turning cases, it’s a good idea to extend the cut slightly below the neck-shoulder junction. This helps keep neck tension more uniform after repeated firings, by preventing a build-up of brass where the neck meets the shoulder. One of our Forum members, Craig from Ireland, a self-declared “neck-turning novice”, was having some problems turning brass for his 20 Tactical cases. He was correctly attempting to continue the cut slightly past the neck-shoulder junction, but he was concerned that brass was being removed too far down the shoulder.
Craig writes: “Everywhere I have read about neck turning, [it says] you need to cut slightly into the neck/shoulder junction to stop doughnutting. I completely understand this but I cant seem to get my neck-turning tool set-up to just touch the neck/shoulder junction. It either just doesn’t touch [the shoulder] or cuts nearly the whole shoulder and that just looks very messy. No matter how I adjust the mandrel to set how far down the neck it cuts, it either doesn’t touch it or it cuts far too much. I think it may relate to the bevel on the cutter in my neck-turning tool…”
Looking at Craig’s pictures, we’d agree that he didn’t need to cut so far down into the shoulder. There is a simple solution for this situation. Craig is using a neck-turning tool with a rather shallow cutter bevel angle. This 20-degree angle is set up as “universal geometry” that will work with any shoulder angle. Unfortunately, as you work the cutter down the neck, a shallow angled-cutter tip such as this will remove brass fairly far down. You only want to extend the cut about 1/32 of an inch past the neck-shoulder junction. This is enough to eliminate brass build-up at the base of the neck that can cause doughnuts to form.
The answer here is simply to use a cutter tip with a wider angle — 30 to 40 degrees. The cutter for the K&M neck-turning tool (above) has a shorter bevel that better matches a 30° shoulder. There is also a 40° tip available. PMA Tool and 21st Century Shooting also offer carbide cutters with a variety of bevel angles to exactly match your case shoulder angle*. WalkerTexasRanger reports: “I went to a 40-degree cutter head just to address this same issue, and I have been much happier with the results. The 40-degree heads are available from Sinclair Int’l for $15 or so.” Forum Member CBonner concurs: “I had the same problem with my 7WSM… The 40-degree cutter was the answer.” Below is Sinclair’s 40° Cutter for its NT-series neck-turning tools. Item NT3140, this 40° Cutter sells for $14.99. For the same price, Sinclair also sells the conventional 30° Cutter, item NT3100.
Al Nyhus has another clever solution: “The best way I’ve found to get around this problem is to get an extra shell holder and face it off .020-.025 and then run the cases into the sizing die. This will push the shoulder back .020-.025. Then you neck turn down to the ‘new’ neck/shoulder junction and simply stop there. Fireforming the cases by seating the bullets hard into the lands will blow the shoulder forward and the extra neck length you turned by having the shoulder set back will now be blended perfectly into the shoulder. The results are a case that perfectly fits the chamber and zero donuts.”
At the request of our readers, we provide select “Deals of the Week”. Every Sunday afternoon or Monday morning we offer our Best Bargain selections. Here are some of the best deals on firearms, hardware, reloading components, optics, and shooting accessories. Be aware that sale prices are subject to change, and once clearance inventory is sold, it’s gone for good. You snooze you lose.
NOTE: All listed products are for sale to persons 18 years of age or older. No products are intended for use by minors.
1. Graf’s — Alpha Brass IN STOCK, Many Popular Types
⏺ Great brass for popular chamberings incl. 6mmBR, 6GT, 6mm Creedmoor
Alpha Brass makes excellent-quality cartridge brass for many popular categories, including popular wildcats such as the 6 BRA and 6mm Dasher. The price is competitive with other top-tier brass, ranging from $118-$130. In stock now at Grafs.com are Alpha brass for: 22 GT, 22 Creedmoor, 6mmBR, 6 BRA, 6mm Dasher, 6mmGT (6GT), 6mm Creedmoor, 6.5×47 Lapua, 6.5 Creedmoor, and 7mm-08. Both benchrest shooters and PRS/NRL competitors have been impressed with current production Alpha brass which ships in excellent slotted plastic cases with perforated bi-layer foam for protection.
2. Midsouth — Lee Challenger Press with BONUS Die Set, $79.99
⏺ Good LEE Press on Sale with FREE DIES
The LEE Challenger is the world’s best-selling single station press. The lastest Gen III Challenger features an ergonomic lever plus a convenient drop-tube for spent primers. Right now, to mark its 40th Anniversary, LEE is offering a FREE die set with the purchase of the LEE Gen III Challenger Press. Chose one of five cartridge types: .223 Rem, 9mm Luger, .38 SPL/.357 Mag, .44 SPL/.44 Mag, and .45 ACP. Another good feature of the LEE Press is the Breech Lock Quick Change Die System — change dies instantly with a twist of the wrist.
3. MidwayUSA — CCI Small Rifle Primers on Sale
⏺ Top Tier CCI Small Rifle primers at good prices
MidwayUSA has top-quality CCI Small Rifle Primers in stock now at very competitive prices. Choose from CCI BR4, CCI 450 SR Magnum, CCI 400, or CCI No. 41 primer types. You can order sets of 1000 primers or 5000 primers, starting at $75.89 for the CCI 450s.
⏺ Great spotting scope for the price with rock-solid warranty
A quality spotting scope is very valuable in the field, at matches, or just having fun at the range. We found a great deal on the Vortex Diamondback 20-60x60mm spotting scope, now just $259.99 at MidwayUSA with FREE Shipping. This spotting scope has good light transmission throughout the magnification range. Sharpness is good, and this spotter is protected by Vortex’s VIP Unlimited Lifetime Warranty.
⏺ Recommended tool that adapts to multiple case rim sizes
The RCBS Universal Hand Primer tool (#ad) can handle both large rim and small rim cases without any parts change. Leverage is good and the primer feeding tray is very reliable. This is a recommended tool for both beginning handloaders and expert-level reloaders. Another good feature of this tool is a patented safety gate that isolates the primer seating operation from the primer supply, lowering risk of tray detonation.
⏺ High-quality soft case big enough for Palma and F-Class rifles
Typical soft rifle cases will not fit long-barreled match rifles. But this 52″-long quality case from Champion’s Choice is big enough for most F-Class and Palma rifles. Forum members highly recommend this $85.00 Deluxe Rifle Case which has a water-resistant heavy duty 600 denier PVC outer shell. It has large outside pockets for ammo and accessories, and is well-padded with over 1″ of thick high-density foam. This case boasts a carry handle, adjustable shoulder strap, and backpack straps. The case even has an interior tube for holding a cleaning rod.
8. Palmetto SA, Norma TAC-22 Ammo, $2.99/50ct Box
⏺ Very good .22 LR ammo at extremely low price — GREAT VALUE
If you want quality .22 LR ammo at an ultra-low price, grab some Norma TAC-22. Palmetto SA has kicked off its Labor Day sale, and Tac-22 is now just $2.99 for 50 rounds, this is a true bargain, yet the TAC-22 is good enough for NRL22 matches as well as fun target shooting. We’ve shot this Norma ammo and been very satisfied. You’ll be hard-pressed to find better .22 LR ammo at anywhere near this price. Don’t delay ordering — at this price, we expect this TAC-22 ammo will sell out soon. The $2.99 for 50 rds price which works out to just SIX cents per round.
8. Amazon — Scope Turret Magnifying Glass with Level, $12.95
Making rapid, yet precise scope turret adjustments can be challenging, especially during fast, timed stages. Most scope turrets have small, thin markings that can be tough to see (particularly with older eyes). To see your elevation turret markings better, try the Monstrum Scope Turret Magnifying Glass with Level (#ad). This simple but effective tool places a magnifier on the shooter’s side of the turret allowing easy viewing. In addition, this handy unit includes a built-in bubble level to help the shooter avoid canting his rifle.
9. Locked & Loaded — CCI Blazer 9mm Ammo, $214.99 1000 rds
⏺ Quality 9mm brass-cased ammo at a super-low price — $22 cents/round
CCI makes very reliable pistol ammo with reloadable brass cases. Right now you can get 1000 rounds of CCI Blazer 9mm FMJ ammo for just $219.99 at LockedLoaded.com. That price works out to just $10.75 per 50-round box — a fantastic price. This very affordable 115gr Blazer 9mm ammo is excellent for practice/training, and it is more reliable than commercial reloads.
10. Amazon — KUBEI USB Rechargeable Digital Scale, $24.99
⏺ Compact scale with USB-rechargeable battery at great price
Everyone can use an inexpensive, compact scale for loading at the range or sorting bullets or maybe even primers. One very affordable option KUBEI USB Rechargeable Digital Scale (#ad). Unlike most other inexpensive digital scales, this comes with a large dust cover with a “window” for your powder pan. Notably, this scale can be conveniently recharged with a standard USB cable — no batteries to replace ever! We have heard positive reports from Forum members about this $24.99 portable scale, which offers 9 types of weight units, calibration weight, and fold-down protective lid.
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Many barrel-makers mark the twist rate and bore dimensions on their barrel blanks.
Does muzzle velocity change with faster or slower barrel twist rates? Absolutely, but much less than you might think. Faster twist rates do slow down bullets somewhat, but the speed loss is NOT that significant. With Bartlein .308 Win barrels of identical length and contour, a 1:12″-twist barrel was only 8 fps faster than a 1:8″-twist barrel. That was the result of testing by Applied Ballistics.
The Applied Ballistics team tested six (6) same-length/same-contour Bartlein barrels to observe how twist rate might affect muzzle velocity. This unique, multi-barrel test is featured in the book Modern Advancements in Long Range Shooting, Vol. 1. That book includes other fascinating field tests, including a comprehensive chronograph comparison.
Barrel Twist Rate vs. Velocity — What Tests Reveal by Bryan Litz
When considering barrel twist rates, it’s a common belief that faster twist rates will reduce muzzle velocity. The thinking is that the faster twist rate will resist forward motion of the bullet and slow it down. There are anecdotal accounts of this, such as when someone replaces a barrel of one brand/twist with a different brand and twist and observes a different muzzle velocity. But how do you know the twist rate is what affected muzzle velocity and not the barrel finish, or bore/groove dimensions? Did you use the same chronograph to measure velocity from both barrels? Do you really trust your chronograph?
Summary of Test Results
After all the smoke cleared, we found that muzzle velocity correlates to twist rate at the average rate of approximately 1.33 FPS per inch of twist. In other words, your velocity is reduced by about 5 FPS if you go from a 1:12″ twist to a 1:8″ twist. — Bryan Litz
Savage Test Rifle with Six Bartlein Barrels
Most shooters don’t have access to the equipment required to fully explore questions like this. These are exactly the kinds of things we examine in the book Modern Advancements in Long Range Shooting, Vol. 1. In that book, we present experiments conducted in the Applied Ballistics lab. Some of those experiments took on a “Myth Buster” tone as we sought to confirm (or deny) popular pre-conceptions. For example, here’s how we approached the question of barrel twist and muzzle velocity.
Six .308 Win Barrels from Bartlein — All Shot from the Same Rifle
We acquired six (6) barrels from the same manufacturer (Bartlein), all the same length and contour, and all chambered with the same reamer (SAAMI spec .308 Winchester). All these barrels were fitted to the same Savage Precision Target action, and fired from the same stock, and bench set-up. Common ammo was fired from all six barrels having different twist rates and rifling configurations. In this way, we’re truly able to compare what effect the actual twist rate has on muzzle velocity with a reasonable degree of confidence.
Prior to live fire testing, we explored the theoretical basis of the project, doing the physics. In this case, an energy balance is presented which predicts how much velocity you should expect to lose for a bullet that’s got a little more rotational energy from the faster twist. In the case of the .30 caliber 175 grain bullets, the math predicts a loss of 1.25 fps per inch-unit of barrel twist (e.g. a 1:8″ twist is predicted to be 1.25 fps slower than a 1:9″ twist).
Above, data shows relationship between Twist Rate and Muzzle Velocity (MV) for various barrel twist rates and rifling types. From fast to slow, the three 1:10″ twist barrels are: 5R (canted land), 5 Groove, 5 Groove left-hand twist.
We proceeded with testing all 6 barrels, with twist rates from 1:8″ to 1:12″. After all the smoke cleared, we found that muzzle velocity correlates to twist rate at the average rate of approximately 1.33 fps per inch of twist. In other words, your velocity is reduced by about 5 fps if you go from a 1:12″ twist to a 1:8″ twist. [Editor: That’s an average for all the lengths tested. The actual variance between 1:12″ and 1:8″ here was 8 FPS.] In this case the math prediction was pretty close, and we have to remember that there’s always uncertainty in the live fire results. Uncertainty is always considered in terms of what conclusions the results can actually support with confidence.
This is just a brief synopsis of a single test case. The coverage of twist rates in Modern Advancements in Long-Range Shooting Vol. 1 is more detailed, with multiple live fire tests. Results are extrapolated for other calibers and bullet weights. Needless to say, the question of “how twist rate affects muzzle velocity” is fully answered.
Other chapters in the book’s twist rate section include: · Stability and Drag — Supersonic
· Stability and Drag — Transonic
· Spin Rate Decay
· Effect of Twist rate on Precision
Other sections of the book include: Modern Rifles, Scopes, and Bullets as well as Advancements in Predictive Modeling. This book is sold through the Applied Ballistics online store. Modern Advancements in Long Range Shooting is also available as an eBook in Amazon Kindle format.
At the request of our readers, we provide select “Deals of the Week”. Every Sunday afternoon or Monday morning we offer our Best Bargain selections. Here are some of the best deals on firearms, hardware, reloading components, optics, and shooting accessories. Be aware that sale prices are subject to change, and once clearance inventory is sold, it’s gone for good. You snooze you lose.
NOTE: All listed products are for sale to persons 18 years of age or older. No products are intended for use by minors.
1. Midsouth — Popular Hodgdon and Alliant Powders IN STOCK
⏺ Great powders for precision reloading now in stock at Midsouth
Right now Midsouth has some of the best Hodgdon and Alliant powders in stock, with many on sale. If you need top-tier powders such as Varget, H4350, H4831sc, Reloder 16, Reloder 15.5 TS, then head over to Midsouth today. The prices are very competitive, with some items, such as RL 15.5 TS, currently on sale. Both 1-lb and 8-lb varieties are offered. For example you can get an 8-lb jug of Varget or H4831sc for $390.99. And 8 lbs. of Alliant 15.5 TS is now on sale for $449.99.
2. EuroOptic — Vortex Optics 12% Site Wide Sale
⏺ Save 12% on Vortex scopes, spotting scopes, LRFs and more
If you’re in the market for a new scope, spotter, and/or other optics, check out the Vortex sale at EuroOptic.com. For a limited time, save 12% on most Vortex products when you use promo code VTX12. There is a wide selection of scopes available for both hunting and competition use, with FFP and SFP models. Vortex also makes very popular (and durable) spotting scopes, binoculars, and rangefinders.
⏺ Quality unit with 4 speed settings and very precise “Match Mode”
The RCBS MatchMaster Powder Dispenser is one of the best combined scale/dispensers you can buy. On sale now for $778.35 on Amazon (#ad), you can save $120+ with this deal as this unit costs $899 elsewhere. The unit’s dual tube system yields fast dispensing with 0.10 grain accuracy. There are four speed settings. RCBS says the unit delivers .04 grain accuracy in “Match Mode”. We have found that a tuned MatchMaster can dispense 38.5gr of H4350 in under 7 seconds. In the highest speed setting (#4) you get slightly less precision but much faster powder delivery. SEE Matchmaster Instructions.
⏺ Key safety item for hunters/hikers provides Satellite communication
When backcountry hunting, cellphone service is often not available. If you have an emergency on a hunt or hike, you need to be able to transmit your location and health status. For this task, we recommend the Garmin inReach Mini2 Satellite Communicator. Available for $349.99 at Sportsman’s Warehouse, this ultra-compact unit weighs just 3.5 ounces and can be attached to your clothing or backpack. It is also available on Amazon for $340.89 with Orange Case (#ad) or $346.40 with Black Case (#ad).
5. Graf & Sons — Harris Bipod Sale (25%-34% OFF)
⏺ Huge Savings — Save 25-34% on quality Harris bipods
Whether for hunting, plinking, or PRS/NRL target shooting, a good bipod is a key accessory. Right now a wide variety of Harris bipods are on sale at Grafs.com. Harris bipods enjoy a great reputation for functionality and durability, earned over decades. Harris bipods are made with heat-treated steel and hard alloys with a black anodized finish. The legs adjust for height. A variety of attachment systems are offered — sling swivel stud, M-LOK, Picatinny rail and more.
6. Sportsman’s WH — Benelli Nova Field 12ga Shotgun, $329.99
⏺ Good pump shotgun for trap/skeet and hunting
Looking for a quality shotgun that can shoot clays or game? Check out the Benelli Nova Field 12 Gauge Pump Shotgun now on sale for $329.99, a $120 discount. This shotgun features a steel skeletal framework overmolded with polymer for durability. Owner reviews (93% 5-stars) of this Benelli Nova 12 gauge have been very positive saying that the action is smooth and it is a great value: “Great shotgun — it was an awesome deal”. This rifle features a black finish and 28″ barrel. One owner reports: “Weighs only 8 pounds, breaks down easily with the tube cap… and feels good in the hand.”
7. Midsouth — Hornady Precision Hunter Ammo Sale
⏺ Good ammo for large variety of hunting cartridge types
Hornady Precision Hunter ammunition has proven very reliable with good accuracy. This hunting ammo features ELD-X bullets which offer good ballistics, accuracy, and terminal effectiveness. If you need a box or two of ammo for your fall hunt, Midsouth currently offers Precision Hunter ammunition for 19 different cartridge types. Prices start at $27.99 for a 20-rd box. The .30-06 Springfield ammo is $31.99 for 20 rounds with 178gr ELD-X bullets.
8. Amazon — Lyman BrassSmith Funnel with Inserts, $31.99
⏺ Very useful kit we use — avoids powder spills
Having a good powder funnel really helps precision reloading. The Lyman Products Brass Smith Pro Powder Funnel System (#ad) is a great little system. Unlike plastic powder funnels, the aluminum DIE cast body and CNC-turned aluminum caliber-specific inserts are static-free to eliminate powder cling. The precision fit to your case necks eliminates spilled powder. The kit includes six laser-marked, caliber-specific aluminum inserts to fit calibers 22 to 338: .22, .243/6mm, .25/6.5mm, .270/7mm, .30, and .338. The inserts can be quickly and easily interchanged when changing cartridge types.
9. Amazon — F.A.T. Firearm Torque Wrench, $54.99
⏺ Versatile, precise, affordable Torque Wrench for gun owners
Here’s a versatile tool every gun owner can use. This Wheeler Engineering F.A.T. (Firearm Accurizing Torque) Wrench (#ad) performs a multitude of duties for firearms. The wrench provides a precise read-out of torque values for action screws, scope rings, and other vital connectors. The wrench is also handy for working on other projects (such as torqueing motorbike fasteners). This torque wrench comes complete with 10 bits, all in a handy, fitted case. Save 20% now with the $54.99 Amazon Sale Price.
10. Amazon — Pistep Splatter Target Roll
⏺ Handy stick-on targets with grid and aiming box
These handy, adhesive grid targets show shot location with a bright, high-contrast yellow circle. These Pisteps Splatter Targets (#ad) measure 3″ x 3″ with nine internal squares and red center for precision aiming. There are 250 targets on each $19.99 roll. Upon impact, you can see your shots instantly with a BRIGHT YELLOW BURST on the black background. These 3″ square Pisteps splatter targets work with airsoft, BB guns, pellet guns, air rifles, pistol and even shotguns.
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Ever wondered how factory ammunition is produced, from start to finish? How are brass cases made, how are bullets created, and how are finished cartridges produced on automated assembly lines? Today’s video showcase features six major factories that, collectively, produce bullets, powder, and finished ammo. We start with the Berger Bullet plant, follow by Vihtavuori powder production in Europe. Then we show the Remington (now Vista Outdoor) ammo plant in Utah, along with a Federal plant that produces rimfire ammunition. Last but not least, there’s an excellent, very informative video from the Norma ammo factory, plus a Hornady ammo plant video.
Bullets being seating at Hornady ammo factory.
Berger Bullets Factory Tour — Made in USA
In this video, Recoil TV takes a behind-the-scenes look at Berger Bullets, and how the outstanding, match-winning Berger bullets are created. The video covers the entire process — from raw materials, to the placement of bullet cores inside jackets, to the final ultra-consistent and uniform projectiles. To see the complete line of Berger Bullets, with full Ballistic data, visit BergerBullets.com
Vihtavuori Powder Production in Europe
Vihtavuori produces some of the most consistent, high-quality powder on the planet. Vihtavuori powders have been used to set world records and win countless championships in multiple disciplines. This excellent video goes inside Vihtavuori’s European production centers. It is really fascinating — you see how extruded powder starts with long spaghetti-like strings, before being finalized into the tiny sticks that we load.
Along with the powder production process, this video includes the entire VV production line, so you see how powder bottles are filled with powder and the tops of the bottles are secured by automated machines.
Remington Ammo Factory (Now Operated by Vista Outdoor)
This SHWATteam video visits the Remington ammunition plant in Arkansas. Vista Outdoor, the company that produces Federal, Speer and CCI ammo, purchased Remington’s ammunition business in Lonoke, Arkansas. Including the new high-tech plant in the back, this facility has the equivalent of 13+ football fields (1200 acres) under roof at its ammo plant, with over 1100 employees. Production capacity is impressive. When running at maximum output, this Remington ammo plant can crank out a staggering 7,000,000+ rounds every day. To produce that volume of ammunition, the facility needs a huge amount of resources: one million pounds of copper per month and 124,000 pounds of lead per day. Remington started manufacturing ammunition at this Lonoke facility in 1970, but some of the machines have been churning out ammo since long before.
Norma Factory Tour
Guys — honestly, if you do anything today on this site, watch this video. You won’t be disappointed. Guaranteed. This is a very informative (and surprisingly entertaining) video. Every serious hand-loader should watch this video to see how cartridge cases are made. The camera work and editing are excellent — there are many close-ups revealing key processes such as annealing and head-stamping.
VERY Informative Video Show Cartridge Brass and Ammunition Production:
Norma has released a fascinating video showing how bullets, brass, and ammunition are produced at the Norma Precision AB factory which opened in 1902. You can see how cartridges are made starting with brass disks, then formed into shape through a series of processes, including “hitting [the cup] with a 30-ton hammer”. After annealing (shown at 0:08″), samples from every batch of brass are analyzed to check metal grain structure and hardness. Before packing, each case is visually inspected by a human being (3:27″ time-mark).
Federal Rimfire Ammunition Production
Field & Stream Tours Federal Ammo Plant in Minnesota
A reporter for Field & Stream recently got a chance to tour the Federal ammunition production facility in Anoka, Minnesota. This large plant produces both rimfire and centerfire ammunition. While touring the plant, the reporter was allowed to capture video showing the creation of .22 LR rounds from start to finish. This is a fascinating video, well worth watching. Watch and learn how rimfire ammo is made.
Note to Viewers — After Starting Video, Click Speaker Icon to HEAR audio!
This revealing video shows all phases of .22 LR ammo production including cupping, drawing, annealing, washing, drying, head-stamping, priming, powder charging, bullet seating, crimping, waxing, inspection, and final packaging. We recommend you watch the video from start to finish. You’ll definitely learn some new things about rimfire ammo.
Hornady Ammunition Factory
If you wonder how ammo is made, starting with raw metal, check out this video from Hornady. It shows how bullet jackets are formed from copper, followed by insertion of a lead core. The jacket is then closed up over the core with the bullet taking its final shape in a die (a cannelure is applied on some bullet types). Next the video shows how cartridge brass is formed, starting with small cups of brass. The last part of the video shows how cases are primed and filled with powder, and how bullets are seated into the cases, using an automated process on a giant assembly-line.
When neck-turning cases, it’s a good idea to extend the cut slightly below the neck-shoulder junction. This helps keep neck tension more uniform after repeated firings, by preventing a build-up of brass where the neck meets the shoulder. One of our Forum members, Craig from Ireland, a self-declared “neck-turning novice”, was having some problems turning brass for his 20 Tactical cases. He was correctly attempting to continue the cut slightly past the neck-shoulder junction, but he was concerned that brass was being removed too far down the shoulder.
A quality spotting scope is very valuable in the field, at matches, or just having fun at the range. We found a great deal on the 
Norma has released a fascinating video showing how bullets, brass, and ammunition are produced at the 
If you wonder how ammo is made, starting with raw metal, check out this video from 
