Winchester Ammunition has introduced the 21 Sharp™, a new rimfire cartridge with claimed “significant benefits for recreational shooters and small game hunters”. This new round is basically a .22 LR with a bit more zip and a non-rebated, slightly smaller diameter no-lead bullet. The main advantage of this new cartridge is that it works better with lead-free projectiles than the .22 LR. You can shoot the 21 Sharp from your existing .22 LR rifle, if you fit a new .21 caliber barrel. That barrel must have a smaller bore diameter and a slightly different throat/freebore configuration.
American Hunter explains: “For the mechanically curious among us, the .22 LR’s bullet diameter is .2255 inch, compared to the 21 Sharp’s bullet diameter of .2105. Both cartridges are spec’d to the same maximum average pressure of 24,000 PSI. Both have identical OAL of 1.00 inch, as well as identical case diameters, so both cartridges utilize the exact same case. While initial thoughts among industry folks were that surely the 21 Sharp would feature better ballistic performance due to the more aerodynamic projectile — and it does — the reality is that at the ranges for which this cartridge is intended (ideally inside 50 yards, max 150), the BC’s effect is negligible. Although Winchester Ammo says it will offer a range of bullet weights from 25 to 42 grains, the 21 Sharp’s primary loading [currently] is a 34-grain JHP bullet, which, with an advertised muzzle velocity of 1500 fps, performs pretty close to a .22 Stinger.”
The main reason for the creation of the new 21 Sharp cartridge is to offer slightly superior performance in 22 LR-action rifles with a lead-free cartridge that complies with the increasing number of anti-lead legal restrictions in U.S. states and foreign countries.
With the new 21 Sharp, according to American Rifleman: “All that should be necessary for most .22 Long Rifle-chambered firearms to shoot the new cartridge is a .21 Sharp barrel”.
Winchester is currently offering four types of 21 Sharp ammo, with bullet weights from 25 to 42 grains and velocities between 1300 and 1750 FPS. Winchester states: “The new 21 Sharp cartridge allows for a wide range of bullet types including full metal jacket (FMJ), copper matrix, and plated-lead options. Jacketed hollow point (JHP) bullets will also be available in 21 Sharp, delivering extreme expansion and energy transfer.” See chart below for the four options.
The 34-grain Super X JHP is expected to be the most popular. The 25gr Copper Matrix version has been tested by Peterson’s Hunting, which said accuracy was good, with velocities in the 1700 fps range. Tester David Draper noted: “Terminal performance was as expected with a rimfire round — a solid thump that tipped the prairie dogs right over. While the 21 Sharp isn’t meant to be a long-range round, fellow gunwriter Jeff Johnston was able to stretch its legs with confirmed kills out to 150 yards.”
21 Sharp Cartridge Chambering and Barreling Considerations
According to this video, the case on the new 21 Sharp cartridge is virtually identical to current .22 LR cases. However, and this is the KEY Point, the bullets have a smaller diameter and the chamber will have more free-bore. Existing .22 LR bullets have a slightly smaller diameter for the tail of the bullet which sits inside the case. The bullets for the .21 Sharp are straight taper (more like centerfire bullets) and will require a smaller-diameter barrel. We recommend you watch this video start to finish to understand the tech specifications of the new .21 Sharp cartridge.
American Rifleman states: “While the .21 Sharp will chamber in a .22 LR rifle barrel, due to its sub-caliber projectile, it cannot be fired with any degree of accuracy or precision. Additionally, .22 LR cartridges will not fit into a .21 Sharp chamber due to its heeled projectile. All that should be necessary for most .22 Long Rifle-chambered firearms to shoot the new cartridge is a [new] .21 Sharp barrel.”
Editor’s NOTE: We think it would have made more sense to use the .22 WMR case as the basis for the new .21 caliber rimfire ammo. This would allow higher velocities and better ballistics with the new .21 caliber bullets.
Final Note — Winchester Explains Why the 21 Sharp Was Created
Winchester claims the 21 Sharp design was created for “enhanced accuracy and on-target performance with both lead and lead-free projectiles.” Winchester states that: “Ammo manufacturers have tried with little success to incorporate lead-free projectiles into use in the venerable 22 Long Rifle (LR) cartridge. While those products are available, none have ever met the accuracy and on-target performance that a lead projectile can provide due to the original .22 LR design. The new 21 Sharp rimfire cartridge from Winchester was purposefully designed by Winchester to provide top performance with lead-free projectiles rather than accommodating them later.”
Have inflation (and supply chain shortages) affected the price of powder? You bet. Probably WAY more than you could imagine. Forum member “Two Time HM LR” posted this interesting photo (above) showing Hodgdon 8-lb powder prices from 1978, as sold by O.K. Weber in Oregon. Prices have risen over 1000% since then.
Eight Pounders under $45.00 in 1978
Now the prices — $20 to $44 — may not get your attention at first. But take note that these numbers are for EIGHT pound containers. Yep eight-pounders were all under $45! For example, H4895 was $44 for 8 pounds back in 1978, 45 years ago. And H335 was $20 for eight pounds — that’s just $2.50 per pound!
These days a single pound of a desirable powder such as H4831 might cost $60+ at some stores IF you can find it at all. On Hodgdon’s web site, H4831 powder is priced at $58.99 per pound in April 2024. Using that current $58.99/lb figure, H4831 is now 10.7 times higher than it was in 1978, when H4831 cost $44 for 8 pounds, i.e. $5.50 per pound. [Hodgdon’s current H4831 8-lb price is $403.99, or 9.18 times higher than before.]
Here are some comments from our Forum Members:
“Heck those prices are just about the same as current ones, just a little smaller container now.” — Joe
“I’ve got some H4831 in a can marked ‘WWII Surplus Powder’ with a price tag of $2.75. We’ll never see that again either.” Rick in Oregon
“1978 prices and 2022 income would be nice. Unfortunately that doesn’t work. If you compare prices and income, powder cost about the same. You also have to discount the temporary gouging that we are seeing.” — Tmwinds
“So I used to buy gas for 10 cents per gallon and they’d pump it, check the oil, and clean the windshield.” — Pirate Ammo
One comment suggests that the powder price hike actually tracks general U.S. currency inflation over the last four decades. So perhaps powder price increases are not as bad as they seem, when compared to how all prices have risen since 1978:
“Using H4895 as a comparison basis at $58.50 (list price) in 1978 calculates it to $275 in todays money. Looking at Powder Valley prices it looks like around [$340 in August 2023] for the same item in todays money [a 24% increase in real dollars]. Availability is another issue though and if someone is really needing powder they may well have to pay above suggested retail.” — Drover
Here’s good news for hunters — Both Browning and Winchester are offering 25% Off Rebates (worth up to $50 max) on select hunting ammunition for the 2024 fall season. Qualify with ammo purchases made from 9/15/24 through 11/20/2024. For both rebate offers there is a minimum one box purchase and maximum rebate amount of $50 per household. The deadline is 12/16/2024 to mail in your original UPC codes, original retail sales receipt, and completed redemption form.
Winchester 25% Off Hunting Ammunition Rebate
Winchester is now offering, for a limited time, a 25% Off rebate on all eligible hunting rifle ammunition prior to the start of the season. The offer is valid on qualifying purchases made between September 15, 2024 and November 30, 2024. The maximum rebate amount is $50 per household. Visit Winchester.com/Rebates to learn how to submit your rebate.
Eligible Winchester Hunting Ammo Types:
Winchester Deer Season XP®, Power-Point®, Copper Impact®, Ballistic Silvertip® and Expedition Big Game™ hunting rifle brands.
Browning 25% Off Hunting Ammunition Rebate
Browning is also running a Hunting Rifle Ammunition Rebate for the next 10 weeks. Browning offers a 25% Off rebate on all eligible hunting rifle ammunition prior to the start of the season. The offer is valid on qualifying purchases made between September 15, 2024 and November 30, 2024. The maximum rebate amount is $50 per household. Visit BrowningAmmo.com/Rebates to learn how to submit your rebate.
Eligible Browning Hunting Ammo Types:
Browning Hunting Rifle Silver Series, Max Point, Long Range Pro, Long Range Hunter, BXS, and BXV
At the request of our readers, we provide select “Deals of the Week”. Every Sunday afternoon or Monday morning we offer our Best Bargain selections. Here are some of the best deals on firearms, hardware, reloading components, optics, and shooting accessories. Be aware that sale prices are subject to change, and once clearance inventory is sold, it’s gone for good. You snooze you lose.
NOTE: All listed products are for sale to persons 18 years of age or older. No products are intended for use by minors.
1. Palmetto SA — FREE 9mm Pistol with SIG Rifle or Handgun
⏺ Get a FREE SIG Sauer P365 or P320 pistol with SIG gun purchase
Buy a gun, get a FREE gun. Here’s the deal — if you buy a specific SIG Sauer rifle or pistol you can get a FREE SIG P365 or P320 pistol. Customers who purchase a qualifying MCX-Regulator rifle, MCX-Spear rifle, or P226-XFIVE pistol will receive a SIG P365, P320-M17, or P320-M18 pistol through an online redemption offer at SIGSauer.com. CLICK HERE for details and list of qualifying purchases. You can purchase the qualifying guns through Palmetto State Armory or other licensed gun vendor.
2. Midsouth — Leupold VX-3HD Scope Sale with $100 Savings
⏺ Good scope for hunting rifles now $100 Off
If you need a new scope for a game-hunting or varmint rifle, check out the VX-3HD Line from Leupold. Right now Midsouth is offering a huge $100 discount on four popular Leupold VX-3HD scopes. Plus you get FREE shipping. Chose the 3.5-10x40mm, 3.5-10x50mm, 4.5-14x40mm, or 4.5-14x50mm, all with 1″ diameter main tubes.
3. Precision Reloading — Major Sierra Bullet Sale, All Calibers
Right now Precision Reloading is running a major sale on Sierra Bullets. There are significant savings on the full range of bullet weights and calibers — from .204 to .457. Save 12% or more this week. Choose from lightweight varmint bullets or high-BC match bullets in popular competition calibers: .224, 6mm, 6.5mm, 7mm, and .308. NOTE: Sierra Bullet Sale ends 9/22/2024.
4. Amazon — Frankford Arsenal Depriming Tool, $39.99
⏺ Convenient tool — no press needed to deprime anywhere
Decapping fired brass can be tedious when using a reloading press and decapping die. Make things easier with the Frankford Arsenal Platinum Series Hand Deprimer Tool (#ad). You can deprime cases while watching TV. This handheld unit features an easily removable spent primer catch tube and an assisted-ejection case holder for easy removal of deprimed cases. The handle is spring-loaded to return the deprimer to the start position automatically.
Shooting waterfowl demands a rugged, accurate shotgun that won’t punish you with recoil. The Franchi 28″ Affinity Black 12ga Semi-Automatic Shotgun handles great and can shoot modern, full-size 3.5″ shells. Recoil is quite manageable — the quality TSA buttpad combined with the Franchi Inertia Drive system absorb up to 50% of perceived recoil. The shotgun has a ventilated rib barrel with red fiber-optic front sight. This Franchi shotgun ships with Improved Cylinder, Modified, and Full chokes plus choke wrench.
6. Amazon — Lyman Trigger Pull Gauge, $47.48
⏺ Very popular trigger gauge is accurate and easy to use
Lyman’s patented Digital Trigger Pull Gauge (#ad) is designed to be the fastest and most accurate trigger pull gauge available. This accurate electronic trigger gauge can register from 1 ounce all the way up to 12 pounds pull weight, with accuracy to the tenth of an ounce. That makes it ideal for all firearms types. This unit features a retractable pull rod to prevent damage. We like this Lyman tool and recommend it.
7. Scheels — Berry’s 400 Tumbler, $64.99
⏺ High-quality tumbler plus free shipping with $75 total purchase
Tumbling brass takes a strong machine that gets the job done quickly. The Berry’s 400 Tumbler is made from premium parts. The large, smooth bowl helps with fast, efficient cleaning while the clear lid lets you check progress easily. The motor has a 3-year warranty while other parts come with a lifetime warranty. NOTE: Currently Scheels offers FREE Shipping with a purchase of $75.00 or more. Add cleaning media ($17.99) to your cart and you can get FREE Shipping for both items.
Whether you’re working on your next firearm build or performing routine maintenance in your shop, the Wheeler Engineering 30-Piece SAE/Metric Hex and Torx P-Handle Set (#ad) is a great addition to your workbench. The stand design allows quick access, and the holder assembly can even be mounted on a wall. The tool handles are color-coded for type, and the front of the holder has clear/bright labels for size and type of each tool. This 30-piece set offers a full range of SAE Mex, Metric Hex, and Torx drivers.
8. Amazon — Lyman Micro-Touch 1500 Scale, $67.87
⏺ Good compact scale with touch screen
Every handloader can use a compact but precise scale. Get all the features of much larger models combined with state-of-the-art touch screen controls with the Lyman Micro-Touch 1500 Scale (#ad). It is just 3.25″ wide by 5.4″ long and 1.25″ tall. This digital reloading scale has a full 1500 grain capacity and is accurate to within 1/10 of a grain. The Micro-touch 1500 also includes its own powder pan and 100-gram calibration weight.
10. Amazon — Frankford Arsenal Gen 2 Reloading Trays
⏺ Quality cartridge-specific trays offer no-wobble fit
Ammo trays that fit cartridge brass very well definitely enhance the reloading process. We like the Frankford Arsenal Gen2 Reloading Trays (#ad) because they are sized for individual cartridge types (or a cartridge family) for a precise fit. These trays help hand-loaders maximize efficiency and stay organized. Sold in a convenient 2-pack, each tray securely holds 50 cases. Tray sizes are available for popular rifle and pistol cartridges: 9mm, .223 Rem, .38 SPL/.357 Mag, .38 Super/.40 SW, .45 ACP, .308 Win/6.5 CM, 7mm RemMag/.300 WinMag, and .338 Lapua/.45-70.
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Ever wondered what the air around a moving supersonic bullet really looks like? Check out this video from the Bryan Litz Ballistics Facebook page. This is a Schlieren video* of a 6mm 109gr Berger LRHT bullet at about 2800 fps as fired from Francis Colon’s PRS rifle at the Applied Ballistics Lab.
Bryan Litz notes: “You can clearly see the compression (shock) wave at the front of the bullet. A compression wave is formed when the air has to move faster than the speed of sound to get out of the way, which is certainly the case for this bullet which is moving about 2.5 times the speed of sound (Mach 2.5).
That shock wave is the ‘snap’ you hear when bullets fly past you if/when you’re downrange. Also, compressing the air into a shockwave takes energy, and that energy comes directly out of the forward velocity of your bullet and gets converted into heat and noise as the shock wave forms and dissipates.
The turbulent wake at the base of the bullet shows where/how base drag applies. The third and smallest component of drag for a supersonic bullet is skin friction drag, which is a viscous boundary layer effect, and is the least visible in this image. So as you head to the range or the hunting stand, think about the absolute violence your bullets are committing in the atmosphere, before they even reach the target!”
Target Sports USA is running a major contest now through November 1, 2024. The Grand Prize is a 2024 Ford F-150 4×4 Crew Cab truck with custom wheels, truck cover, lift-kit and more. The truck is worth $50,174 and the truck accessories are worth $5,484. Along with that Grand Prize, there are three other major prizes plus travel benefits:
Second Prize: QuietKat eBike worth $4800 plus $470 worth of 9mm ammo.
Third Prize: Camp Chef WoodWind 36 Pellet Grill worth $1200 plus $470 worth of 9mm ammo.
Fourth Prize: Camp Chef Flat Top 900 Grill worth $900 plus $470 worth of 9mm ammo.
Bonus Benefits: AMMO+ Day event Travel and Accommodations Package
Prize Pool aggregate value for the Grand Prize to Fourth Prize levels is $63,967.94. Combined with the estimated $12,000 travel expenses (for winners), the Total Prize Pool is worth $75,967.94.
The winner will be announced on November 16, 2024. You have until November 1, 2024, to enter for the chance to win a prize. All Target Sports USA AMMO+ members are automatically entered to win. Ammo+ membership is NOT required to enter the contest. You can also enter by submitting a written entry card. NO Purchase or Paid Membership is required. CLICK HERE for Contest Entry Rules.
Details of Grand Prizes and Travel Packages
The four confirmed eligible winners will attend a special AMMO+ Day Event and participate in a random drawing where each winner is to win one of the following prizes:
• One Grand Prize Winner is to be awarded a 2024 FORD F-150, 4X4 Styleside Crew Cab, WIL2, White Color exterior black interior colored pickup truck that includes a V6 Ecoboost engine with custom 17-inch Silver Steel Wheels, Rims, Tinted Windows, Weather-Tech Mats, a RealTruck TruXedo Sentry CT Tonneau Truck Cover and a Lift-Kit. Approximate KBB vehicle value is $50,173.94 with accessories valued at $5,484.00. Total Grand Prize Pool ARV is $55,657.94.
• One Second Prize Winner is to be awarded a QuietKat Apex Pro eBike MSRP $4,800.00 plus two cases of 9mm New Republic ammo valued at $470.00. Total Second Prize Pool ARV is $5,270.00.
• One Third Prize Winner is to be awarded a Camp Chef WoodWind 36 Pellet Grill MSRP $1,200.00 plus two cases of 9mm New Republic ammo valued at $470.00. Total Third Prize Pool ARV is $1,670.00.
• One Fourth Prize Winner is to be awarded a Camp Chef Flat Top 900 Grill MSRP $900.00 plus, two cases of 9mm New Republic ammo valued at $470.00. Total Fourth Prize Pool ARV is $1,370.00 (USD).
• The AMMO+ Day Event Travel and Accommodations Package:
In addition to the above Prizes, four AMMO+ Day Event Travel/Accommodations Packages are awarded with estimated value of $3,000 per winner (may vary based on winner locations).
Total Prize Pool for the Grand Prize to Fourth Prize levels is $63,967.94, plus estimated travel expenses at $12,000.00 makes the Total Prize Pool value $75,967.94.
Non-Member Mail-in Method of Entry (AMOE)
Enter by legibly hand printing on a 3”x 5” or 4″ x 6″ postcard or paper, in black or blue ink, your first name, last name, mailing address, city, state, zip, day and evening phone numbers with area code (to be used for winner notification), e-mail address (if available) and date of birth. Mail each postcard separately in a hand-printed first class stamped #10 business size envelope to: Compliance / Target Sports AMMO+ Day Truck Giveaway IV, P.O. Box 468, Stonington, CT 06378. NOTE: The return address on the envelope must also be hand-printed with the sender’s full name and address.
At the request of our readers, we provide select “Deals of the Week”. Every Sunday afternoon or Monday morning we offer our Best Bargain selections. Here are some of the best deals on firearms, hardware, reloading components, optics, and shooting accessories. Be aware that sale prices are subject to change, and once clearance inventory is sold, it’s gone for good. You snooze you lose.
NOTE: All listed products are for sale to persons 18 years of age or older. No products are intended for use by minors.
1. Graf & Sons — Frankford Arsenal F-1 Press, $103.99
⏺ Versatile press, good primer exit, plus built-in light
Here’s a handy, single-stage press with some cool features. The Frankford Arsenal F-1 press has an open front for easy case placement, plus a built-in LED lamp at the top. And after decapping, spent primers go straight down a tube into a handy, clear, twist-off catch cylinder (as on a Forster Co-Ax). We think this would be an excellent secondary press used for decapping or bullet seating. Priced at just $103.99 at Graf & Sons — this press is a GREAT deal, but act quick, supplies are limited. NOTE: This press does NOT have primer seating capability — you must prime cases with a separate tool. Also, the power cord for the LED light is NOT included. CLICK HERE for full Frankford Arsenal F-1 Press Review.
2. Brownells — Weekly Deals on Guns, Optics, Actions and More
⏺ Major savings on hundreds of products — actions, optics, rifles, pistols
3. Palmetto SA — Savage Axis XP Rifle with Scope, $520.00
⏺ Great deal on Savage Camo hunting rifle with bore-sighted optic
Hunting season is starting soon. If you need a hunting rifle, consider a camo-stocked Savage Axis XP rifle, complete with mounted/bore-sighted Weaver 3-9x40mm scope. This has a nice camo stock plus a user-adjustable AccuTrigger. Total price, with scope, is just $469.99 for .223 Rem, .243 Win, and 7mm-08. Or get a long-action .270 Win Axis XP for $428.99 or a .30-06 Springfield Axis XP for $479.99. If you don’t need a camo stock you can get a scoped Savage Axis XP for just $368.99 in 6.5 Creedmoor, .270 Win, and .308 Win. All these are great deals for a rugged, reliable rifle complete with scope.
4. EuroOptic — Trijicon Close-Out Scope Sale
⏺ Huge discounts on high-quality Trijicon scopes
While supplies last, save up to 57% on these Trijicon Tenmile and Credo Scopes on closeout! User reviews of these optics have been very positive. Choose the 3-9x40mm Trijicon Huron BDC Hunter for $449.99, the 6-24x50mm Tenmile FFP for $849.99 (great scope choice for PRS/NRL), or the innovative 1-8x28mm Trijicon Credo HX (good for ARs) for $999.99 (over $900 off!).
⏺ Fast, programmable, accurate dispenser at great price
The Frankford Arsenal Intellidropper (#ad) is a high-quality powder scale/dispenser. It’s accurate to +/- one-tenth of a grain, dispenses in seconds, and can be controlled by a handy mobile App that stores charge weights for different cartridges. This unit has a 7000-grain capacity with both auto and manual trickle capability. This $174.99 price is a good deal now — you save $55 (24%) off the typical $230 online price.
⏺ Save hundreds on advanced optics with built-in rangefinders
The Burris Eliminator III is a 4-16x50mm optic with a built-in Laser Rangefinder. This rangefinding scope is now on sale for $699.99 at MidwayUSA, a 49% savings off the original $1399.99 price. Plus the newer Eliminator IV model is now just $885.00, a 49% savings. We really like these units for varmint hunting — you can instantly range the critters, with the vertical hold shown by a red dot in the reticle.
7. Midsouth — Bulk Tipped Bullets Sale, 250 for $42 and up
⏺ Super deal on good bullets for varmint hunting and ARs
Varmint hunters may shoot hundreds of rounds in a day, and AR competitors will run through many magazines in multi-gun matches. If you are a high-volume .22 cal centerfire shooter, here’s a great bullet deal at Midsouth. Get 250 55gr poly-tipped bullets for $41.99 — just 17 cents per bullet. Or get 250 poly-tipped 62-grainers for $44.99 — 18 cents each. If you want a heavier .22 cal poly-tipped bullet, Midsouth has 250ct packs of 75-grainers for $49.99, 20 cents per bullet. In addition to the .22 cal bargains, there are also 110gr .308 cal poly-tip bullets on sale at $64.99 for 250.
⏺ Great price on versatile rapid access 2-gun security safe
If you want handy storage for two handguns or one pistol, watches, and other valuables, consider this SnapSafe 2-Gun Keypad Vault, now just $69.99 at Grafs.com (46% off). Along with the keypad, there is a backup rotary key lock. The spring-loaded door opens immediately with your programmable code. A protective foam liner safeguards contents, the interior shelf is removable, and the base is pre-drilled so the vault can be bolted in place. This is a great deal — the very same SnapSafe 2-gun vault costs $134.99 right now at MidwayUSA — nearly twice as much.
9. MidwayUSA — Plano Protector Pro-Max Rifle Case, $30.29
⏺ Good price on a sturdy, 52″ interior transport case for long rifles
Do you have a long-barreled hunting or varmint rifle? With a 52″ internal size, this Plano Protector Pro-Max Rifle Case handles rifles with barrels up to 30″ (or 31″ with a thin buttplate). On the inside the case has high-density, interlocking foam padding. On the outside, the case has four clamps, padlock tabs, and a handy carry handle. NOTE: This case will work well for normal trips to the range. However, you’ll want a thicker, more sturdy TSA-approved case for airline transport.
10. Palmetto SA — Walker’s Muffs + Safety Glasses, $15.99
⏺ Killer deal on hearing and eye protection combo
Need basic hearing and eye protection? Or perhaps you could use a spare set for friends you invite to the range? Check out this Walker’s Ultra Slim Muff & Glasses Combo. You get good quality 27dB NRR (Noise Reduction Rating) muffs AND a set of quality shooting glasses — all for just $15.99. That’s a great price for essential safety items. Shooters should always have both eye and ear protection whenever at the range.
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Berger Twist-Rate Stability Calculator On the Berger Bullets website you’ll find a handy Twist-Rate Stability Calculator that predicts your gyroscopic stability factor (SG) based on mulitiple variables: velocity, bullet length, bullet weight, barrel twist rate, ambient temperature, and altitude. This cool tool tells you if your chosen bullet will really stabilize in your barrel.
How to Use Berger’s Twist Rate Calculator
Using the Twist Rate Calculator is simple. Just enter the bullet DIAMETER (e.g. .264), bullet WEIGHT (in grains), and bullet overall LENGTH (in inches). On its website, Berger conveniently provides this info for all its bullet types. For other brands, we suggest you weigh three examples of your chosen bullet, and also measure the length on three samples. Then use the average weight and length of the three. To calculate bullet stability, simply enter your bullet data (along with observed Muzzle Velocity, outside Temperature, and Altitude) and click “Calculate SG”. Try different twist rate numbers (and recalculate) until you get an SG value of 1.4 (or higher).
Gyroscopic Stability (SG) and Twist Rate
Berger’s Twist Rate Calculator provides a predicted stability value called “SG” (for “Gyroscopic Stability”). This indicates the Gyroscopic Stability applied to the bullet by spin. This number is derived from the basic equation: SG = (rigidity of the spinning mass)/(overturning aerodynamic torque).
If you have an SG under 1.0, your bullet is predicted not to stabilize. If you have between 1.0 and 1.1 SG, your bullet may or may not stabilize. If you have an SG greater than 1.1, your bullet should stabilize under optimal conditions, but stabilization might not be adequate when temperature, altitude, or other variables are less-than-optimal. That’s why Berger normally recommends at least 1.5 SG to get out of the “Marginal Stability” zone.
In his book Applied Ballistics For Long-Range Shooting (3rd Ed.), Bryan Litz (Berger Ballistician) recommends at least a 1.4 SG rating when selecting a barrel twist for a particular bullet. This gives you a safety margin for shooting under various conditions, such as higher or lower altitudes or temperatures.
Story idea from EdLongrange. We welcome reader submissions.
The Pew Pew Tactical website has interesting article on rifle and pistol cartridges and bullet types. This contains a large selection of interesting photographs and illustrations. If you load and/or shoot for a wide variety of cartridge types, you’ll find that article well worth reading. It has nearly 50 photographs and more than a dozen short videos. READ FULL Article.
The article shows all types of pistol bullets, along with a variety of rifle projectiles. It even illustrates multiple types of shotshell cartridges.
The article also explains the basic components of modern cartridges –bullet, case, powder, and primer:
Photo courtesy Ammunitiontogo.com which sells ammo from many leading brands.
Popular Cartridge Types Profiled
The article provides quick summaries of popular ammunition types including 9mm Luger (9x19mm), .357 Magnum, .40 SW, .45 ACP, .223 Rem, and .308 Winchester. The author’s favorite pistol round is the 9mm Luger: “9mm is my personal favorite and if there was a “Goldilocks” round, this would be it. The very first gun I bought was a 9mm. They’re fun at the range. They’re good for defense. It is the standard round for NATO countries and the majority of police forces around the world. It is mild shooting, can vary in weight from 115 to 147 grains, and has varying stopping power based on the type of bullet.”
This Pew-Pew Tactical guide to cartridge types also provides a quick explanation of cartridge ignition — both centerfire and rimfire: “The rimfire’s primer is built into the rim while the centerfire cartridge has the primer in the center. Pro tip — if you can see a circle in the middle…it’s a centerfire cartridge.”
There are two common types of centerfire primers — Boxer and Berdan. This helpful Wikipedia illustration shows how Boxer, Berdan, and rimfire primers ignite the powder in the cartridge:
This centerfire and rimfire ignition animation is by BBODO – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0 licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license.
Our friend Gavin Gear has just released an excellent video showing how to make a threaded Modified Case for use with the Hornady Lock-N-Load Overall Length Gauge. You can watch Gavin make a Modified Case start to finish in the video below:
Video Shows How to Drill and Tap Modified Case
Gavin has some clever tricks. First he uses a sizing die to hold the cartridge case during the threading process. Second he uses two drill bits in sequence — a smaller bit to ream out the primer pocket, and then a larger “M” bit to increase the hole diameter before threading the brass. Finally he leaves the threading tap IN the brass, locks the tailstock, and then “gently pulls on the quill” to remove the brass from the die held in his lathe (See 5:46 timemark).
Get the Correct 5/16″-36 RH Tap
Unfortunately, Hornady has selected an uncommon thread type for OAL Gauges. You probably won’t be able to buy the correct 5/16″ – 36 RH HSS Tap at your local hardware store. However you CAN order this special tap from Amazon for $9.99.
Modified Case Q & A — TECH TIPS
Why do I need a Modified Case?
Every serious reloader should have a Modified Case for each cartridge type they shoot. The reason is that this allows you to get very precise measurements of the length-to-lands in your chamber. When used with the Hornady OAL Gauge, with some practice, you should be able to get repeatable length-to-lands measurements within about 0.0015″. We generally do 4-5 measurements with the OAL Gauge and usually 3 or 4 will be “on the money”. NOTE: We recommend a gentle, easy pressure on the plastic pusher rod. Don’t push too hard or you will jam the bullet hard into the lands, which produces inconsistent results.
Can’t I Just Buy a Modified Case?
Hornady makes a variety of Modified Cases sold on Amazon and through retailers such as Midsouth. While Hornady makes modified cases for many standard cartridges, if you shoot a wildcat such as the 6mm Dasher or .284 Shehane, you’ll need to create a custom modified case. And even if you shoot a standard cartridge such as the .308 Win, you can get more consistent measurements with a custom Modified Case.
If you do decide to make your own modified case, you’ll want to start with a case that’s been fired in your rifle. That way you get the best fit to YOUR chamber. Also, you won’t need to expand the neck to provide bullet clearance. Then you need to drill out the primer pocket and tap the base of the case to match the threads on the Hornady OAL Gauge tool. Make at least two modified cases, as you’ll probably misplace one at some point.
MORE INFORMATION: Want to learn more? We published a much longer story in which Erik Cortina explains in greater detail how to made the Modified Case. That article illustrates the 5/16″ – 36 RH HSS Tap required and shows how to set up the lathe to drill and tap your case. If you are serious about making your own Modified Cases, you should Read the Full Article.
American Rifleman states: “While the .21 Sharp will chamber in a .22 LR rifle barrel, due to its sub-caliber projectile, it cannot be fired with any degree of accuracy or precision. Additionally, .22 LR cartridges will not fit into a .21 Sharp chamber due to its heeled projectile. All that should be necessary for most .22 Long Rifle-chambered firearms to shoot the new cartridge is a [new] .21 Sharp barrel.”
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